Electro-active spectacle frames

ABSTRACT

A first device is provided. The first device includes a lens comprising at least a first electrical contact and a lens housing holding the lens. The lens housing includes at least a second electrical contact. The first device further comprises a compliant conductive element disposed between the first and the second electrical contact. The compliant conductive element electrically connects the first and second electrical contacts.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/175,633filed on Jul. 1, 2011, and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/175,634 filed onJul. 1, 2011, which applications claim the benefit under 35 U.S.C.§119(e) of U.S. provisional patent application no. 61/361,110 filed onJul. 2, 2010; U.S. provisional patent application no. 61/376,719 filedon Aug. 25, 2010; U.S. provisional patent application no. 61/415,391,filed on Nov. 19, 2010. This application also claims priority to U.S.provisional patent application no. 61/362,877 filed Jul. 9, 2010; U.S.provisional patent application no. 61/481,353 filed on May 2, 2011. Theentire disclosure of each of the above mentioned applications isincorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In today's world, spectacle eyeglass frames are very fashionable. Whilethe trend for the eyeglass lenses is to make them thinner, lighter, andless visible, at the same time, it is the eyeglass frame that makes thefashion statement for the eyeglass wearer.

Concurrent with these trends is another concerning including electronicsinto spectacle eyewear. The trend of utilizing electronics in eyewearappears to be accelerating and the applications being developed byothers are expanding. As theses trends continue, it is becomingimportant to find ways to incorporate electronics into eyewear withoutharming the aesthetics and functionality of the eyewear. Some of thechallenges may be to not limit the fashion design of the eyeglass frameor limit the materials which the eyeglass frame can be made of, maintainas few completed eyeglass frames or eyeglass frame components (framefronts, bridges, temples) stock keeping units (SKUs) as possible, allowfor robust placement of the electronics, and in a way that can bemanufactured so that it remains affordable, and aesthetically desirable.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments provided herein may provide an electro-active frame thatcomprises a spring mechanism and a conductive path from a temple of theframe to the lens housing of the frame.

A first device is provided that comprises a frame. The frame furthercomprises a lens housing adapted to support a first lens and a secondlens, a first temple movably coupled to the lens housing, and a secondtemple movably coupled to the lens housing. The first device furthercomprises a first spring mechanism coupled to the first temple and thelens housing. A first conductive path is provided from the first templeto the lens housing for at least one position of the first templerelative to the frame.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises an electronic component coupled to the frame. In someembodiments, the conductive path is electrically connected to theelectronic component for at least one position of the first templerelative to the frame.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path is provided by the first spring mechanism. In someembodiments, the first spring mechanism comprises a spring that providesthe first conductive path.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism comprises a spring and a first conductor. The firstconductive path may be provided by the first conductor. In someembodiments, the spring is disposed substantially around the firstconductor. In some embodiments, the spring is coupled to the firstconductor. In some embodiments, the spring is disposed along a side ofthe first conductor.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path further comprises pogo pins. The pogo pins may bedisposed within the first temple. In some embodiments, the first devicefurther comprises a second spring mechanism. The second spring mechanismmay press the pogo pins against electrical contacts on the lens housingfor a plurality of positions of the first temple.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism may include a spring hinge. In some embodiments, in thefirst device as described above, an electronics module is furtherprovided. The electronics module may be coupled to the first temple andthe first conductive path may be electrically connected to theelectronics module.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstdevice comprises full rimmed, semi-rimless, or rimless spectacle frames.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to the lenshousing when the first temple is in a first position. The firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position. In someembodiments, the lens housing comprises a first electrical contact, andthe first spring mechanism forms an electrical connection with the firstelectrical contact in the first position. In some embodiments, the firstspring mechanism does not form an electrical connection with the firstelectrical contact in the second position. In some embodiments, thefirst spring mechanism is coupled to the first lens, the lens includes afirst electrical contact, and the first spring mechanism forms anelectrical connection with the first electrical contact when the frameis in the first position. In some embodiments, the first springmechanism does not form an electrical connection with the firstelectrical contact when the frame is in the second position. In someembodiments, the first device comprises rimless spectacle frames.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism is housed within the first temple member. In someembodiments, in the first device as described above, the first springmechanism is in electrical contact with the electronics module. In someembodiments, the first spring mechanism is in direct electrical contactwith the electronics module. In some embodiments, where the firstconductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to the lenshousing when the first temple is in a first position and the firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position, thefirst spring mechanism maintains electrical contact with the electronicsmodule in both the first position and the second position.

In some embodiments, in the first device as describe above, the firstspring mechanism is in a first condition when the first temple is in thefirst position and a second condition when the first temple is in thesecond position. In some embodiments, in the first device as describedabove, the first spring mechanism has a first length when the firsttemple is in a first position and a second length when the first templeis in a second position. The first length and the second length may bedifferent.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst conductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to thelens housing when the first temple is in a first position, and the firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position, thefirst position is an open position. The first position may comprise thefirst temple and the lens housing being positioned such that there is anangle between them of between 60 degrees and 100 degrees. In someembodiments, the angle between the temple and the lens housing in thefirst position is between 80 degrees and 90 degrees.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst conductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to thelens housing when the first temple is in a first position, and the firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position, thesecond position is a closed position. In some embodiments, the secondposition comprises the first temple and the lens housing beingpositioned such that there is an angle between them of between 0 degreesand 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the second position comprises thefirst temple at an angle between 0 degrees and 45 degrees with the lenshousing.

Embodiments provided herein may provide an electro-active frame thatcomprises a first and second conductive path provided by frame elementsfrom a frame temple to the lens housing

A first device is provided. The first device comprises a frame, wherethe frame further comprises: a lens housing adapted to support a firstlens and a second lens, a first temple coupled to the lens housing, anda second temple coupled to the lens housing. The first device furthercomprises a first conductive path provided by one or more frame elementsfrom the first temple to the lens housing and a second conductive pathprovided by one or more frame elements from the first temple to the lenshousing. The first conductive path is electrically isolated from thesecond conductive path.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises at least one electrical insulator disposed between at least aportion of the first conductive path and the second conductive path. Insome embodiments, the first device further comprises a first hingecoupled to the first temple and the lens housing, and the electricalinsulator is located at least within the first hinge. In someembodiments, the electrical insulator is located at least within thefirst temple. In some embodiments, the electrical insulator is locatedat least within the lens housing.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises an electronics module that is coupled to the first temple ofthe frame and the first and second conductive paths are electricallyconnected to the electronics module.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises a first lens having a first electrical contact and a secondlens having a second electrical contact. The first conductive pathelectrically connects to the first electrical contact of the first lensand the second conductive path electrically connects to the secondelectrical contact of the second lens. In some embodiments, the firstlens further includes a second electrical contact and the second lensfurther includes a first electrical contact. The first conductive pathmay electrically connect to the first electrical contact of the secondlens and the second conductive path may electrically connect to thesecond electrical contact of the first lens. In some embodiments, thelens housing comprises a non-conductive material and the frame elementproviding the first conductive path comprises a conductive materialembedded in the lens housing. In some embodiments, the frame elementproviding the second conductive path comprises a conductive materialembedded in the lens housing. In some embodiments, the lens housingcomprises acetate. In some embodiments, the second temple or the secondlens does not comprise an electronics module coupled thereto.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst device comprises a first and second lens having first and secondelectrical contacts, where the first conductive path electricallyconnects to the first contact of the first and second lens, and wherethe second conductive path electrically connects to the second contactof the first and the second lens, the lens housing comprises aconductive material and a first portion of the lens housing provides atleast a part of the first conductive path. In some embodiments, at leasta part of the second conductive path is provided by a second portion ofthe lens housing. The first portion of the lens housing may beelectrically isolated from the second portion of the lens housing by atleast one piece of electrically insulating material. In someembodiments, the first device may comprise semi-rimless eyeglass frames.In some embodiments, the first conductive path and the second conductivepath are each disposed within the lens housing of the semi-rimlessspectacles. In some embodiments, the electrically insulating materialthat electrically isolates the first portion of the lens housing fromthe second portion of the lens housing comprises an injection moldableor similarly formed plastic material. In some embodiments, theelectrically insulating material comprises nylon.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst device comprises a first and second lens having first and secondelectrical contacts, where the first conductive path electricallyconnects to the first contact of the first and second lens, where thesecond conductive path electrically connects to the second contact ofthe first and the second lens, where the lens housing comprises aconductive material, where a first portion of the lens housing providesat least a part of the first conductive path, and where at least a partof the second conductive path is provided by a second portion of thelens housing, the first portion of the lens housing and the secondportion of the lens housing are separated by an air gap. In someembodiments, the lens housing further comprises a bridge disposedbetween the first lens and the second lens. The bridge may include thefirst portion and the second portion of the lens housing and the air gapmay be disposed between the first portion and the second portion of thelens housing at the bridge. In some embodiments, the air gap has amaximum distance of approximately 10 mm.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst device comprises a first and second lens having first and secondelectrical contacts, where the first conductive path electricallyconnects to the first contact of the first and second lens, where thesecond conductive path electrically connects to the second contact ofthe first and the second lens, where the lens housing comprises aconductive material, where a first portion of the lens housing providesat least a part of the first conductive path, and where at least a partof the second conductive path is provided by a second portion of thelens housing, the first portion of the lens housing and the secondportion of the lens housing comprise metal.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, where thefirst device further comprises at least one electrical insulatordisposed between at least a portion of the first conductive path and thesecond conductive path, the electrical insulator includes a firstcomponent and a second component. The first component of the electricalinsulator disposed between the first conductive path and the secondconductive path comprises the first lens and the second lens. In someembodiments, the second component of the electrical insulator disposedbetween the first conductive path and the second conductive pathincludes at least one of: an air gap and an electrically insulatingmaterial. In some embodiments, the second component of the electricalinsulator is disposed between the first lens and the second lens.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described, the lens housingcomprises full rimmed spectacle frames.

A first device is further provided that comprises a frame. The framefurther comprises a lens housing adapted to support a first lens and asecond lens, a first temple coupled to the lens housing, and a secondtemple coupled to the lens housing. The first device further includes afirst conductive path provided by one or more frame elements from thefirst temple to the lens housing, a second conductive path provided byone or more frame elements from the first temple to the lens housing, athird conductive path provided by one or more frame elements from thesecond temple to the lens housing, and a fourth conductive path providedby one or more frame elements from the second temple to the lenshousing. In the first device, each of the first, second, third, andfourth conductive paths are electrically isolated from each other.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, at least aportion of the first conductive path is electrically isolated from atleast a portion of the second conductive path by an electric insulator,and at least a portion of the third conductive path is electricallyisolated from at least a portion of the fourth conductive path by anelectric insulator. In some embodiments, the first device furtherincludes a first electronics module disposed on the first temple and asecond electronics module disposed on the second temple. In someembodiments, the first device further includes a first lens having afirst electrical contact and a second electrical contact and a secondlens having a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact.In some embodiments, the first conductive path may electrically connectto the first electrical contact of the first lens, the second conductivepath may electrically connect to the second electrical contact of thefirst lens, the third conductive path may electrically connect to thefirst electrical contact of the second lens, and the fourth conductivepath may electrically connect to the second electrical contact of thesecond lens. In some embodiments, the first and second conductive pathselectrically connect to the first electronics module and the third andfourth conductive paths electrically connect to the second electronicsmodule.

Embodiments provided herein may comprise a conductive material that isphysically compliant and/or compressible, and that is electricallyconductive.

A first device is provided. The first device includes a lens comprisingat least a first electrical contact and a lens housing holding the lens.The lens housing includes at least a second electrical contact. Thefirst device further comprises a compliant conductive element disposedbetween the first and the second electrical contact. The compliantconductive element electrically connects the first and second electricalcontacts.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element comprises conductive rubber. In someembodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element is disposed between the lens housing and the lens. Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a shape that comprises any one of, or somecombination of: a triangle, a square, a “figure 8,” an oval, a circle,or a rectangle.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element includes a first end having a firstthickness, a second end having a second thickness, and a center portionhaving a third thickness that is disposed between, and coupled to, thefirst end and the second end. The first thickness of the first end andthe second thickness of the second end are each greater than the thirdthickness of the center portion.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element is an extrusion.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lenscomprises a first surface and the lens housing comprises a firstsurface. The compliant conductive element substantially conforms to atleast a portion of the first surface of the lens and at least a portionof the first surface of the lens housing.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises a first temple coupled to the lens housing and an electronicsmodule coupled to the first temple. The compliant conductive element iselectrically connected to the electronics module. In some embodiments,the first device further includes a conductor that is substantiallyembedded within the temple and/or the lens housing. The conductor mayelectrically connect the electronics module to the compliant conductiveelement. In some embodiments, a first portion of the conductor isexposed and electrically connects the electronics module to thecompliant conductive element. In some embodiments, the lens housingcomprises acetate. In some embodiments, the lens housing comprises aconductive material and electrically connects the electronic module tothe compliant conductive element.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above comprisessemi-rimless spectacle frames.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lensincludes a first groove, the lens housing includes a first cavity, andthe compliant conductive element comprises a first and a second portion.The first portion of the compliant conductive element may be disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens. The second portion ofthe compliant conductive element may be disposed substantially withinthe first cavity of the lens housing. In some embodiments, the firstportion and the second portion of the compliant conductive element areconnected by a bridge.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the first portion of thecompliant conductive element has a first shape that comprises any oneof: a triangle, a square, a circle, and a rectangle. In someembodiments, the second portion of the compliant conductive element hasa second shape that comprises any one of: a triangle, a square, acircle, and a rectangle. In some embodiments, the lens has a firstsurface that is located within the first groove and at least a part ofthe first portion of the compliant conductive element substantiallyconforms to the first surface of the first groove. In some embodiments,the first surface of the lens is coated with a conductive paint.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the first groove of thelens has width approximately within the range of 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm and adepth approximately within the range of 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm. In someembodiments, the groove of the first lens has width of approximately 0.7mm and a depth of approximately 0.6 mm.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the lens housing has afirst surface that is located within the first cavity. A part of thesecond portion of the compliant conductive element may substantiallyconform to the first surface of the first cavity.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the compliant conductiveelement has an uncompressed height of at least the distance between thefirst surface of the first groove of the lens and the first surface ofthe first cavity of the lens housing. In some embodiments, theuncompressed height of the compliant conductive element is at least 0.75mm. In some embodiments, the first surface of the lens housing and thefirst surface of the lens compress at least a portion of the compliantconductive element when the lens housing and the lens are coupled.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above comprises fullrimmed spectacle frames.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lenscomprises a first surface, the lens housing comprises a first cavity,and the compliant conductive element comprises a first surface. Thecompliant conductive element is disposed substantially within the firstcavity of the lens housing, and the first surface of the compliantconductive element substantially conforms to the first surface of thelens. In some embodiments, the first surface of the lens comprises afirst and second beveled edge. In some embodiments, the first cavity hasa first width and the compliant conductive element has an uncompressedwidth that is greater than the first width of the cavity.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, where thecompliant conductive element is disposed substantially within a firstcavity of the lens housing, and where a first surface of the compliantconductive element substantially conforms to a first surface of thelens, the cavity of the lens housing has a top surface. A portion of thelens extends into the first cavity of the lens housing. The compliantconductive element has an uncompressed height that is approximatelyequal to, or greater than, a distance from the top surface of the cavityof the lens housing to the portion of the lens that extends into thefirst cavity.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element comprises metal loaded silicon elastomers.In some embodiments, the metal comprises silver and aluminum (AG-Al). Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that is less than 10Ω-cm. Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that less than 1Ω-cm. Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that less than 0.1Ω-cm. Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that less than 0.01Ω-cm. Insome embodiments, in the first device as described above, the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that less than 0.001Ω-cm.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer Ascale that is greater than 50. In some embodiments, the compliantconductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer A scale that isgreater than 65. In some embodiments, the compliant conductive elementhas a hardness on the shore durometer A scale that approximate equal to70 and a volume resistivity of approximately 0.0008Ω-cm.

It should be understood that, after reading the disclosure providedherein, a person of ordinary skill in the art may understand thatvarious combination of the devices described above may be made such thatsome or all of the features described with regards to one device may becombined with some or all of the features of another device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of spectacle frames.

FIGS. 2( a) and (b) are cross sectional diagrams of devices inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of components of a portion of an exemplarydevice in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of components of a portion of an exemplarydevice in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of components of a portion of an exemplarydevice in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows a portion of an exemplary device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 7 shows components of an exemplary device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary portion of an exemplary device with componentscoupled therein.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary portion of an exemplary device with componentscoupled therein from a different angle.

FIG. 10 shows a close-up view of an exemplary portion of an exemplarydevice with components coupled therein.

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary design mask in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary temple of an electro-active spectacle framein accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 15 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of components that may comprise anexemplary embodiment of a device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 17 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIGS. 18( a) and (b) show an exemplary embodiment of a device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 19 (a) and (b) show an exemplary embodiment of a device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 20 (a), (b), and (c) show exemplary embodiments of components of adevice in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 21 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 22 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIGS. 23( a)-(e) show exemplary embodiments of a device in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 24 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 25 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in accordance withsome embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following disclosure provides exemplary devices comprisingelectro-active spectacles. Before discussing specific embodiments, somedescriptions of some specific terms are provided below.

As used herein, a “frame” may refer to a complete wearable housing thatsecures both spectacle lenses and aligns them in the proper placerelative to the wearer's eyes when being worn. The frame may compriseelements such as a first and second temple, as well as the lens housingthat is configured to support the spectacle lenses.

As used herein, a “hinged temple” may refer to a side piece of a framethat connects to the lens housing (or directly to the lens) by way of ahinge attachment mechanism, and further provides stability by resting onthe wearer's ears when worn.

As used herein, a “hinge-less temple” may refer to a side piece of aframe that connects to the lens housing (or directly to the lens)without a hinge attachment mechanism, and further provides stability byresting on the wearer's ears when worn.

As used herein, a “temple end piece” may refer to a part of the templethat is found farthest away from the lens housing. The temple end pieceusually begins behind the ear of the wearer and ends at the end of thetemple that is located farthest away from the lens housing, but this isnot required.

As used herein, a “lens housing end piece” may refer to a part of thelens housing farthest away from the bridge and spatial to the bridge.Each frame typically has two lens housing end pieces: one on the spatialside of the right lens and one on the spatial side of the left lens.

As used herein, a “bridge” may refer to a part of the frame that fitsover/superior to the wearer's nose. The bridge is usually found betweenthe portion of the lens housing that supports the right lens and theportion of the lens housing that supports the left lens, or is betweenthe right and left lenses themselves. In some embodiments, the bridgemay comprise a portion of the lens housing.

As used herein, a “hinge” may refer to the part of the frame that allowsfor connecting the lens housing and the temples in such away that thelens housing and the temple can open and close against the lens housingon its posterior side when not being worn. In some embodiments, thehinge may connect directly to the lens.

As used herein, “eye-wire” may refer to the rim that surrounds the lensof a spectacle frame. Eye-wire may comprise a portion of the lenshousing that holds one lens (a right or a left) in a full rimmed orsemi-rimless frame. There may be two eye-wires to each lens housing.However in a completely rimless frame there are no eye wires.

As used herein, a “lens housing” may refer to a part of the frame thatis configured or adapted to support or hold the first and the secondlenses in place (preferably firmly in place). The lens housing may alsocomprise the part of the frame to which the temples attach. The lenshousing may comprise any component or material adapted to support thelenses, including, for example, screws, nylon monofilament, eye-wire,etc. or any combination thereof. The lens housing may comprise anymaterial, including metal or plastic. A lens housing may be included inany type of frame design, including fully rimmed, semi-rimless, andrimless. In some embodiments, the lens housing may also include thebridge, such as when the lens housing comprising a single component ortwo components that support both the first and the second lens.

As used herein, an “electronics module” may refer to a housing orcontainer that comprises a plurality of electrical components. Forinstance, an electronics module may comprise a power source (such as abattery), a sensing mechanism (such as a capacitance switch, which mayactivate or deactivate the electronics) and/or a controller (such as amicroprocessor).

As used herein, an “electronic component” may refer to any electronicdevice, including a power source, a controller (such as amicroprocessor), a sensing mechanism (such as a touch switch), etc. thatmay be coupled to an electro-active frame.

As used herein, a “rimless frame” may refer to a frame that is designedhaving a lens housing that does not comprise eye-wires. That is, forinstance, the lens housing does not comprise eye wires but may comprise,for instance, nylon monofilament wire, screws, or other material to holdthe lenses in place.

As used herein, a “semi-rimless frame” may refer to a frame that has alens housing that comprises partial rim (i.e. eye-wire that does notcompletely encapsulate or encircle the lens) and/or may have a nylonmonofilament wire or similar feature that secures the lenses to theframe.

As used herein, a “full rimmed frame” or “fully rimmed” may refer to aframe that comprises a lens housing having a complete rim thatencapsulates or encircles the first and second lens (i.e. the lenshousing comprises full eye-wires).

As used herein, a “Zyle frame” may refer to a frame that comprisesmostly plastic

As used herein, a “metal frame” may refer to a frame that comprisesmostly metal

As used herein, a “right spatial void” may refer to the space createdwhere the right portion of the lens housing that is within the plane ofthe front of the wearers face turns back to meet the right temple. Theangle formed between the right portion of the lens housing and the righttemple is approximately (but not always) 90 degrees. This space isfurther defined as that which is bounded on three sides: On a first sideby an imaginary line that is provided on the inside back surface of theright lens or inside right portion of the lens housing, on a second sideby that of an imaginary line that is located in the middle of the righttemple not including any electronics affixed thereto, and on a thirdside which is bounded by the right side of the face and/or head of thewearer.

As used herein, a “left spatial void” may refer to the space createdwhere the left portion of the lens housing frame front that is withinthe plane of the front of the wearers face turns back to meet the lefttemple. The angle formed between the left portion of the lens housingand the left temple is approximately 90 degrees. This space is furtherdefined as that which is bounded on three sides: On a first side by animaginary line that is provided on the inside back surface of the leftlens or inside left portion of the lens housing, on a second side bythat of an imaginary line that is located in the middle of the lefttemple not including any electronics affixed thereto, and on a thirdside which is bounded by the left side of the face and/or head of thewearer.

As used herein, “coupled” may refer to any manner of connecting twocomponents together in any suitable manner, such as by way of exampleonly: attaching (e.g. attached to a surface), disposing on, disposingwithin, disposing substantially within, embedding within, embeddedsubstantially within, etc. “Coupled” may further comprise fixedlyattaching two components (such as by using a screw or embedding a firstcomponent into a second component during a manufacturing process), butdoes not so require. That is, two components may be coupled temporarilysimply by being in physical contact with one another. Two components are“electrically coupled” or “electrically connected” if current can flowfrom one component to another. That is, the two components do not haveto be in direct contact such that current flows from the one componentdirectly to the other component. There may be any number of otherconductive materials and components disposed electrically between twocomponents “electrically coupled” so long as current can flow therebetween.

As used herein, a “conductive path” refers to a continuous path forwhich electrons (i.e. current) may flow from one point to another. Theconductive path may comprise one component, or more than one component.For instance, a conductive path may comprise portions of a lens housing,a temple, a hinge, a lens, and/or conductive material disposed betweensome or all of the components.

As used herein, “electro-active spectacles,” “electro-active spectacleframes,” “electro-active eyeglasses,” “electro-active eyeglass frames,”“electro-active frames,” “electro-active lenses” or any permutation of“electro-active” may broadly refer to any eyeglass frame or lens thatcomprises an electronic component or components. The electricalcomponents can be coupled to any part of the electro-active frames orlenses. This may comprise, for instance, any and all uses where by theeyeglass frames houses some, most, or all of the electronics and thelens comprises a component or components that may be activated and ordeactivated by an electrical current, such as by way of example only,electronic focusing eyeglasses, electro-chromic eyeglasses, electronictinted eyeglasses, eyeglasses comprising a micro-display allowing forviewing a digital image in space, eyeglasses comprising an electronicheads up display, eyeglasses that comprise an antistatic element to keepthe eyeglass lenses clean, electronic shutter eyeglasses for viewing 3D,electronic eyeglasses that comprise an occlusion control for visiontraining; electronic eyeglasses for myopia control, eyeglasses thatcomprise a component of a telescope or the complete telescope,eyeglasses that comprise a microscope, eyeglasses that comprise acamera, eyeglasses that comprise a directional microphone, eyeglassesthat comprise a rangefinder, eyeglasses that comprise an imageintensifier, eyeglasses that comprise a night vision enhancementfeature, occupation eyeglasses, gaming eyeglasses. Additionalfunctionality and electrical components that may comprise portions ofelectro-active spectacles are discussed in more detail below.

As used herein, reference to a “first” or a “second” does not limit thereferenced component to a particular location unless expressly stated.For instance, reference to a “first temple” may comprise the templelocated on either the left side or the right side of a wearer's head.

Electro-Active Frames Comprising a Spring Mechanism

Some embodiments of electro-active spectacle frames provided herein mayinclude a spring mechanism. The spring mechanism may, for instance, bedisposed on the frame of the spectacles (such as on the temple, embeddedwithin the temple, coupled to the temple and the lens housing, etc.) andmay provide a force that causes the temple member to apply pressure in adirection substantially perpendicular to, and in the direction of, awearer's head. In this manner, the spectacle frames may fit tightly on aperson's head, regardless of the size or shape. This may provide for amore comfortable fit and reduce the risk that the eyeglasses couldbecome dislodged or accidentally fall off of the wearer's head.Moreover, the use of a spring mechanism for an electro-active frame mayprovide the additional benefit of conserving power when the frames arenot in use by severing an electrical connection between electronicslocated on the lens housing (or in the lens) and a power source locatedon the temple. That is, for instance, the spring mechanism may, bymoving the temple of the frame away from the lens housing, separate twoconductors such that current cannot flow from the temple to the lenshousing (or any other separation).

The use of springs (e.g. spring hinges) for non-electro-active lenses iswell known in the art. Examples of such spring hinges are provided inthe following references, which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties:

-   -   U.S. Pat. No.: 6,336,250 to Takeda entitled “Spring hinge for        Eyeglasses.”    -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,869 to Mitamura entitled “Eyeglasses Frame        with Spring Hinges.”    -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,657,107 to Wagner et al. entitled “Spring Hinge        for Eyewear”    -   U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,258 to Drlik entitled “Eyeglass Spring        Hinges.”

To date, there has not been a similar approach used for electro-activeeyeglasses. In addition to some of the benefits provided by a springmechanism (including those noted above, such as a tighter fit and theability to conserve power by disconnecting components), there areadditional considerations that the inventors have identified related tothe use of such devices in electro-active frames. For instance,electro-active eyeglass frames may require that an electrical path beprovided from a temple to the lens housing, which is not utilized ontraditional (i.e. non-electro-active frames) frames. However, the use ofspring devices (such as spring hinges) in electro-active eyeglass framesmay cause the temple and lens housing to form an angle that is less than90 degrees, even when the frames are in use. This could cause adisruption in electrical connectivity between electronics or a powersource located on a temple with any electronics located on the lenshousing (or in the lens itself). FIG. 1 illustrates this situation.

As shown in FIG. 1, a typical position of the temple relative to thelens housing (e.g. when the frames are being worn) is for the first 101and/or the second temple 102 to form approximately a ninety degree anglewith the lens housing 103. In practice, this angle may be slightlysmaller or greater (depending on factors such as the wearer's head sizeand shape, the size of the frame, etc.). In this position, a conductivepath may connect components on the first 101 or second temple 102 tocomponents disposed on the lens housing 103. However, the use of aspring mechanism that applies force in the direction of a wearer's headmay cause this angle 104 to be substantially less than ninety degrees(for instance, it may be 85 degrees or less), which could cause aseparation in the conductive path between the first 101 or second 102temple and the lens housing 103. For example, if a portion of theconductive path from the first temple 101 to the lens housing 103comprises electrical contacts located at the respective ends of each ofthese components (such that, for example, when the first temple 101 andlens housing 103 are worn, there is a direct connection between theelectrical contacts), then this connection may be broken as the angle104 between the components is reduced. As noted above, the use ofsprings or similar devices in eyeglass frames to provide continuouspressure is likely to create such angles, and therefore such springs andsimilar devices have not been used with electro-active frames.

Provided herein is an electro-active frame that comprises a springmechanism. As used herein, a “spring mechanism” may refer to an elasticobject that may be used to store mechanical energy. It may comprise aspring and/or other components such as conductors located within thespring or disposed alongside the spring (or within the coils of a coilspring). When compressed or stretched, the first spring mechanism mayexert a force on one or more of the components of a device, such as thetemple or the lens housing of an electro-active frame. The first springmechanism may provide a continuous force (either variable or constant)in a direction substantially perpendicular to the head of a wearer whenthe first device (e.g. an electro-active frame) is worn. The firstspring mechanism may, in some embodiments, also conduct electricity andthereby form a part of a conductive path using a spring (or componentsthereof) or a conductor coupled to or disposed therein. In someembodiments, the conductor may be embedded within the spring mechanism,be coupled to the spring mechanism, and/or encircled by the springmechanism. As used herein, a spring mechanism may also compriseadditional components, such as a hinge that may be coupled to the templeand/or the lens. The spring mechanism may comprise any suitablematerial, including metal, plastic, or some combination thereof. FIGS. 2(a) and (b) show two examples of electro-active frames comprising springmechanisms.

A first device is provided that comprises a frame that includes a lenshousing adapted to support a first lens and a second lens. The firstdevice also comprises a first temple movably coupled to the lenshousing, and a second temple movably coupled to the lens housing. Thatis, the first and second temples may be coupled to the lens housing suchthat each may be moved relative to the lens housing so that the anglebetween them (e.g. angle 104 in FIG. 1) may change. In this regard, thelens housing and the temples may be coupled in any suitable manner thatallows for this movement, including, by way of example, through the useof a hinge or a screw.

The first device further comprises a first spring mechanism coupled tothe first temple and the lens housing. As defined above, this does notrequire that the spring mechanism be permanently attached to bothcomponents. For example, the spring mechanism may be fixed to the firsttemple and apply force to the lens housing when the first temple andlens housing (or components thereof, such as the end pieces) are withina certain distance of one another (i.e. the angle 104 between thecomponents is close to ninety degrees (e.g. within five degrees), orsome other suitable value). When the first temple and the lens housingare moved sufficiently apart the spring mechanism may no longer be inphysical contact with the lens housing. An example of this situation isprovided in FIG. 2( b) and described in detail below. Although definedabove, it is worth noting that the spring mechanism need not be in theform of a coil spring, but may take any suitable shape and may belocated in any suitable location on the frame. Such locations, as willbe described below, may include disposed on, or embedded within, thelens housing and/or on the first temple. An example of a springmechanism embedded within the first temple is shown in FIG. 2( a), whichwill be described below.

The first device also comprises a first conductive path from the firsttemple to the lens housing for at least one position of the first templerelative to the frame. That is, as defined above, electrons (in the formof current) may be distributed (i.e. conducted), or be capable beingdistributed (i.e. conducted), from the first temple to the lens housing.In so doing, the first device may, for example, comprise anelectro-active frame that has some electronic components (such as apower source, controller, sensing mechanism, etc.) located on the firsttemple, and other electronic components (such as those described below)disposed on the lens housing and/or on (or within) the lensesthemselves.

As defined above, the first conductive path may be provided by anysuitable component or components. For instance, the conductive pathcould comprise the first temple, the spring mechanism, and the lenshousing themselves (i.e. each could comprise conductive material) orsome or all of these components could comprise conductive componentsdisposed on (or embedded within) them that form a part of the conductivepath. As indicated above, the conductive path need not always bepresent, but may be provided for at least one position of the firsttemple relative to the lens housing. With reference again to FIG. 1, thefirst temple 101 may be moved to a plurality of positions relative tothe lens housing 103, each of which may have a different angle 104.Preferably, the first conductive path is provided when the first templeand the lens housing are in a position corresponding to when the firstdevice is being worn by a wearer. In some embodiments, this position mayhave an angle corresponding to approximately ninety degrees. However,embodiments are not so limited and the angle may depend on many factors,as described above. It should also be understood that the conductivepath may be provided for a plurality of positions.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path is provided by the first spring mechanism. That is, forexample, the first spring mechanism may provide some (or all) of thefirst conductive path between the first temple and the lens housing.This may be due, in part, to the fact that the spring mechanism may belocated between (or substantially between) both the first temple and thelens housing. In some embodiments, the first spring mechanism comprisesa spring that provides the first conductive path. The spring of thespring mechanism need not comprise a traditional coil spring, but maycomprise any elastic material that stores mechanical energy, such aswhen the spring is displaced. An example of a non-coil spring isprovided with reference to FIG. 2 (a). As noted above, the spring maycomprise any conductive material when providing at least a portion ofthe first conductive path. Preferable, the spring mechanism comprisesmetal.

By utilizing the spring mechanism to faun a part of the conductive path,some embodiments may provide the advantage of reducing the number ofcomponents that are required to be coupled to the frame. Moreover, insome embodiments, the use of the spring mechanism to serve as part ofthe conductive path may be one way in which the conductive path can beselectively provided (e.g. the conductive path may be available when thefirst device is being worn and unavailable when the first device is notbeing worn). For instance, the spring mechanism may be permanentlycoupled (i.e. fixedly, such as through the use of a screw, adhesive,etc.) to only the first temple, and be selectively coupled (i.e.temporally, such as coming into physical contact, but not being adheredto, screwed together, etc.) to the lens housing such that the springmechanism is in physical contact with the lens housing in some but notall positions of the first temple relative to the lens housing. Inembodiments where the first spring mechanism provides some or all of theconductive path, then in positions where the first spring mechanism isno longer contacting the lens housing, the conductive path may not beprovided. This may be one way of providing a selectively availableconductive path between the first temple and the lens housing.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism comprises a spring and a first conductor. The conductormay comprise any suitable material and may have any suitable shape.There need not be any physical contact between the spring and theconductor. For instance, in some embodiments, the spring is disposedsubstantially around the first conductor. By “substantially around,” itis meant, for example, that the spring may encircle or surround some(but not necessarily all) of the conductor. This is illustrated in theexemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2( a). For instance, if the springcomprises a coil spring, then the conductor may be located within thecoils of the spring. In some embodiments, the conductor may be disposedwithin (e.g. embedded in) the spring, such that the spring may compriseboth the conductor (or more than one conductors) and an insulatingmaterial. The insulating material may electrically insulate theconductors that are within the spring such that the a plurality ofconductive paths are provided by the spring (i.e. through the embeddedconductors). This may allow for multiple signals to be transmitted fromthe first temple to the lens housing, for a signal and power to betransmitted, etc. In some embodiments, the spring is coupled to thefirst conductor. That is, the spring may be attached or disposed on theconductor. Each of the spring and/or the conductor may comprise a partof the conductive path. In some embodiments, the spring is disposedalong a side of the first conductor. By “along side,” it is meant thatthe spring and the conductor may be substantially parallel and locatedno more than 3 cm apart at any given point. Preferable, the spring andthe conductor are no more than 1 cm apart such that the spring mechanismmay have a small profile (i.e. for aesthetic reasons). Again,embodiments are not so limited, and the conductor may be located in anysuitable location. Thus, in some embodiments, the first conductive pathor a portion thereof may be provided by the first conductor.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path further comprises pogo pins. A “pogo pin” may comprise adevice that establishes a (usually temporary) connection between twocomponents. An illustration of an embodiment the utilizes pogo pins isshown in FIGS. 3-10. The pogo pins may be disposed within the firsttemple, but embodiments are not so limited and the pogo pins may belocated in other locations, such as disposed on the first temple, on thelens housing (or embedded therein) and/or coupled to the first springmechanism. In some embodiments, the first device further comprises asecond spring mechanism that may press the pogo pins against electricalcontacts on the lens housing for a plurality of positions of the firsttemple. The use of the second spring mechanism may provide the abilityto maintain the conductive path between the first temple and the lenshousing for some or all of the positions of the first temple relative tothe lens housing. That is, as the distance between the portion of thelens housing comprising the electrical contacts and the first templeincreases (i.e. as the angle 104 in FIG. 1 decreases), the second springmechanism may lengthen the conductive path (i.e. cause the pogo pins toextend) so as to maintain the electrical contact (and thereby theconductive path). When the angle 104 is then increased, the lens housingand/or first temple may apply force to the second spring mechanism suchthat it contracts (i.e. the pogo pins contract), but such that theelectrical contact is still maintained. By providing a force on the pogopins so as to press against the electrical contacts of the lens housing(or congruently, against the first temple) for some, but not all, of theposition of the temple, embodiments may provide the ability toselectively provide a conductive path between the first temple and thelens housing.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism may include a spring hinge. That is, the springmechanism may comprise a fixed portion that is coupled to both the lenshousing and the first temple (i.e. the hinge) that allows for therelative movement between the two components so as to change the angle104. The spring may be coupled to either or both of the lens housing andthe first temple, and may provide a force that may move the first templeto one of a plurality positions and/or presses the first temple againsta wearer's head. In some embodiments, in the first device as describedabove, an electronics module is further provided. The electronics modulemay, for example, comprise at least one of: a power source, acontroller, and a sensing module. The use of an electronics module may,in some embodiments, provide the ability to more readily fabricateelectro-active spectacles, as the electronics may be manufacturedseparately and inserted into a plurality of frame designs. Theelectronics module may be coupled to the first temple or in anothersuitable location (note that some embodiments may dispose theelectronics module or components thereof, for instance, on the lenshousing). For example, the electronics module could be embedded orsubstantially embedded in the first temple (as is described below withreference to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3-10). In someembodiments, the first conductive path may be electrically connected tothe electronics module. That is, a conductive path may be provided fromthe electronics module to the lens housing and may comprise a number ofcomponents, such as the first spring mechanism or components thereof.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstconductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to the lenshousing when the first temple is in a first position. The firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position. As wasdescribed above, the first and second positions may correspond torelative positions between the first temple and the lens housing. Thefirst position, in which the conductive path conducts electricity, maycorrespond to a position of the first temple when the first device is inuse (e.g. when the first device is worn) and the second position maycorrespond to a position of the first temple when the device is not inuse (i.e. when the device is not worn). As noted above, the conductivepath may be provided by any of the components of the first device, suchas the first spring mechanism, lens housing, first temple, etc.Embodiments that selectively (i.e. in some instances but not all)provide the conductive path from the lens housing to the first templemay provide some or all of the advantages described above, which mayinclude power conservation and efficiency related to some or all of theelectronic components of the first device not operating when the firstdevice is not in use (e.g. any electronics disposed on the lens housingwill not be electrically connected to electronic components on the firsttemple).

In some embodiments, where the first conductive path conductselectricity from the first temple to the lens housing when the firsttemple is in a first position and the first conductive path does notconduct electricity from the first temple to the lens housing when thefirst temple is in a second position, the lens housing comprises a firstelectrical contact and the first spring mechanism forms an electricalconnection with the first electrical contact in the first position. Insome embodiments, the first spring mechanism does not form an electricalconnection with the first electrical contact in the second position.That is, in embodiments wherein the first conductive path or a portionthereof includes the spring mechanism (or a component thereof), thespring mechanism may directly connect to (i.e. physically contact) theelectrical contacts disposed on the lens housing. In this manner, theconductive path provided at least in part by the spring mechanism may beselectively provided by contacting and not contacting the electricalcontacts on the lens housing.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism is coupled to the first lens. This may be the case, forinstance, when the first device comprises rimless eyeglass frames. Thespring mechanism may provide some or all of the same functionality as infull rimmed or semi-rimless embodiments, such as by applying a forcesuch that the first temple applies pressure on the wearer's head. Thespring mechanism may also be coupled to the lens housing, even inrimless embodiments (such as when a screw or hinge is coupled to thelens). In some embodiments, the lens includes a first electricalcontact, and the first spring mechanism forms an electrical connectionwith the first electrical contact when the frame is in the firstposition. That is, the spring mechanism may form a portion of theconductive path that drives current to the lens (and may power and/orcontrol any electronics therein) from the first temple. As noted above,in some embodiments, the spring mechanism may directly connect to thelens, and thereby may also form a direct electrical connection with theelectrical contacts disposed thereon. The spring mechanism may itselfcomprise conductive components (including in some embodiments aconductive spring) that may form the connection. In such embodiments,the spring mechanism may be fixedly coupled to the lens, but theconductive components of the spring mechanism may selectively contactthe electrical contacts of the lens.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism is housed within the first temple. As used herein, theterm “housed within” may refer to when the first spring mechanism iscoupled to the first temple in such a way that a portion of the firstspring mechanism (such as a spring or a conductor) is within thestructure of the first temple. However, the first spring mechanism mayhave some components exposed outside of the structure of the firsttemple, such as to make electrical connections with other componentssuch as the lens housing. Embodiments that include the spring mechanismembedded within the temple may provide aesthetic value (that is, theelectro-active frames may present a more favorable outward appearance),as it may provide a more finished look with components covered orcontained within the overall structure of the device. In addition,embedding the first spring mechanism in the first temple (or anycomponent, such as the lens housing) may also provide a more durable orreliable device, as the first temple may protect the spring mechanismfrom ambient conditions as well as physical damage that spectacle framesare typically subjected to on a regular basis.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstspring mechanism is in electrical contact with the electronics module.As defined above, electrical contact does not require direct physicalcontact. There may be any number of conductors located between twocomponents that are in electrical contact. The spring mechanism may bedisposed between the electronics module and the electronic componentsthat it controls and/or provides power to, and therefore it may beefficient in some embodiments that the spring mechanism electricallyconnect to the electronics module. This connection may be maderegardless of the position of the first temple, particularly inembodiments whereby the first spring mechanism is disposed on the firsttemple. In some embodiments, the first spring mechanism is in directelectrical contact with the electronics module. That is, there are noother conductors disposed between the electronics module and theelectrical connector. Some exemplary embodiments are illustrated inFIGS. 3-10.

In some embodiments, where the first conductive path conductselectricity from the first temple to the lens housing when the firsttemple is in a first position and the first conductive path does notconduct electricity from the first temple to the lens housing when thefirst temple is in a second position, the first spring mechanismmaintains electrical contact with the electronics module in both thefirst position and the second position. This may be the case, forinstance, for embodiments on which the spring mechanism is disposed onthe first temple. As the first temple is moved (e.g. by the springmechanism) from the first position (where the spring mechanism may beelectrically connected to the lens housing) to the second position, theelectrical contact between the first spring mechanism and the lenshousing may be severed (e.g. the spring mechanism and the lens housingmay no longer be physically coupled). This may provide the selectiveconductive path discussed above. Embodiments may provide the advantagethat only one electrical contact may be required to beconnected/disconnected (i.e. only one electrical switch) so as toactivate and deactivate the electronics on the lens housing.

In some embodiments, in the first device as describe above, the firstspring mechanism is in a first condition when the first temple is in afirst position and a second condition when the first temple is in asecond position. By “condition,” it is meant that any characteristic ofthe spring mechanism (including the position of the spring mechanism,its size, shape, or length, and/or the conductivity of the springmechanism) may change. In some embodiments, this change in condition mayprovide the change in electrical connectivity. For instance, the shapeof the first spring mechanism may change so as to provide (or notprovide) physical contact between the spring mechanism (or components)thereof and the lens housing. In some embodiments, the spring mechanismmay, for example, maintain electrical contact with the lens housing andthe first temple by changing its length or shape (e.g. as the distancebetween the first temple and the lens housing increases, the springmechanism may increase in length to maintain contact). In this regard,the first spring mechanism may have a first length when the first templeis in a first position and a second length when the first temple is in asecond position. The first length and the second length are different.By “length” it is meant that the dimension of the electrical connectorin a direction that is substantially parallel to the largest dimensionof the temple (preferably when the first device is worn).

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst conductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to thelens housing when the first temple is in a first position, and the firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position, thefirst position is an open position. By “open position,” it is meant thatthe first temple is in a position that is substantially perpendicular tothe first and/or second lens such as when the frame is positioned on awearer's head. However, it need not be exactly perpendicular, as in somecases there may be embodiments where the angle between the temple andthe lens is less than ninety degree. The angle is shown in FIG. 1 by theangle 104. The angle 104 may vary based on both the shape and size ofthe wearer's head as well as the size and shape of the frames. Forinstance, in some embodiments, the first position may comprise the firsttemple and the lens housing being positioned such that the angle 104between them is between 60 degrees and 110 degrees. Preferably, theangle 104 between the temple and the lens housing in the first positionis between 80 degrees and 90 degrees. This typically corresponds to theangle 104 for when the first device is being worn, and thereby theelectronics of the first device may be used.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst conductive path conducts electricity from the first temple to thelens housing when the first temple is in a first position, and the firstconductive path does not conduct electricity from the first temple tothe lens housing when the first temple is in a second position, thesecond position is a closed position. By “closed position,” what ismeant which is that the temple and the lens form an angle 104 that issignificantly less than ninety degrees. This may correspond, forinstance, to a situation in which the device is not in a position on awearer's head and therefore any frame electronics may not need to beactivated. In some embodiments, the second position comprises the firsttemple and the lens housing being positioned such that there is an angle104 between them of between 0 degrees and 60 degrees. Preferable, thesecond position comprises the first temple at an angle 104 between 0degrees and 45 degrees with the lens housing. Again, these angles maycorrespond to when the first device is not in use.

FIGS. 2( a) and 2(b) illustrate two exemplary embodiments of springmechanisms that could be used in the first device. First, with referenceto FIG. 2( a), a spring 202 is provided that is disposed between thelens housing 200 and the first temple 201. In this exemplary embodiment,a portion of the spring 202 is shown as being embedded in the firsttemple 201. The spring 202 is illustrated as a coil spring, and aconductor 203 is shown disposed within the spring 202 (i.e. the springsubstantially encircles the conductor). In some embodiments, theconductor and spring may comprise the spring mechanism. A hinge 204 isshown coupled to both the lens housing 200 and the first temple 201. Thehinge 204 permits the first temple to move relative to the lens housing200. A conductive path is shown by the dotted lines 205 (within thespring mechanism), 206 (within the lens housing 200) and 207 (within thefirst temple). The conductive path could comprise an embedded conductorwithin these elements (e.g. a wire or embedded conductive material) orit could represent the components themselves (e.g. the lens housing 200,spring mechanism (i.e. spring 202 and/or conductor 203), and/or thefirst temple 201 could comprise conductive material). However,embodiments are not so limited, and the conductive path need not beprovided by the spring mechanism or a component thereof. The spring 202may apply a force to the first temple 201 such that the first temple 201applies pressure on a wearer's head.

With reference to FIG. 2( b), another exemplary spring mechanism for usein an electro-active frame is provided. The spring 212 is not a coilspring, but may comprise elastic material such that when the firsttemple 211 is moved close to the lens housing 210, the spring 212becomes depressed. Because of the nature of the material of the spring212, as it becomes compressed (i.e. it is displaced toward the lenshousing 210) it provides an opposing force. This force may separate thelens housing 210 and the first temple and/or, for example, apply forceto maintain the first device tightly on a wearer's head. The hinge 213(which is shown as comprising conductive material) couples the lenshousing 210 and the first temple 211 such that they may move relative toone another. A conductive path is shown by the dotted lines 214 (withinthe lens housing) and 215 (within the first temple). The conductivepaths 214 and 215 may be connected (and thereby form a single conductivepath) when the first temple 211 is positioned close to the lens housing210 (e.g. when the spring 212 is sufficiently compressed). Although asillustrated, the conductive path is provided through the conductivehinge 213, embodiments are not so limited. That is, a portion of theconductive path (e.g. between conductive paths 214 and 215) may beprovided by any suitable component, such as through the spring 212.

For example, the lens housing 210 and the first temple 211 couldcomprise electrical contacts at the interface where each may contact thespring 212. When the spring is compressed, there may be formedelectrical contacts between the lens housing 210, the spring 212 and thefirst temple 211. In some embodiments, the conductive path 214 mayconnect directly to the spring 212 (which, for example, may itselfcomprise conductive material) such that an electrical contact need onlybe formed (selectively) with the conductive path 215 in the first temple211. For instance, when the first temple is moved to contact 212, butprior to fully compressing 212 to contact the lens housing 210, anelectrical path from the first temple 211 to the lens housing 210 may beestablished. This exemplary embodiment may provide the ability to havethe conductive path at angles 216 that are less than ninety degrees(which may be beneficial, for instance, to prevent connection problemswhen the electro-active frames are worn and the pressure applied by thespring causes an angle less than ninety degrees). It should beunderstood that the spring could, in some embodiments, be located on thefirst temple and the principles discussed herein would apply equally.

With reference to FIGS. 3-10, an exemplary embodiment of a first deviceis provided for illustration purposes only. The components that comprisethe exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 3-10 include: a first temple 300;electrical connectors 301 to connect to the pogo pins; pogo pinscomprising a spring 302 and conductive portion 303 (e.g. stainless steelcable); vertebrae 304; an end piece 305; a spring box cover 306; anelectronics module 307; a cavity 308 in the first temple for housing theelectronics module 307; and electrical connectors to the electronicsmodule 310. It should be noted that this is for illustration purposesonly, and is provided to demonstrate an exemplary embodiment in whichpogo pins embedded or coupled to the first temple 300 may be used tomaintain an electrical contact with the lens housing throughout aplurality of positions (i.e. angles) between the first temple 300 andthe lens housing. Pogo pins may be used with or without a springmechanism, but when combined with the use of a spring mechanism,embodiments may provide the benefit of maintaining the conductive pathwhen the electro-active frames are worn despite the creation of an anglebetween the lens housing and the first temple that is less than ninetydegrees.

FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the components comprising a portion ofan exemplary device in accordance with embodiments provided herein. Thedevice comprises an electronics module 307 embedded in a cavity 308 ofthe first temple 300. The electronics module is electrically connectedto pogo pins that comprise a spring 302 and a conductor 303. The pogopins may be used to maintain a connection as the distance (and/orrelative positions) between two electrical contacts increases ordecreases, because the spring 302 applies force to maintain theelectrical contact with the conductor 303. Thus, for instance,embodiments may provide that as the first temple 300 is moved relativeto the lens housing, the pogo pins may maintain electrical contact withthe lens housing and thereby provide a portion of a conductive path fromthe first temple 300 to the lens housing. The vertebrae 304 allow thefirst temple 300 to move relative to the lens housing, while coveringthe pogo pins. The end piece 305 may comprise a hinge such that thefirst temple 300 and the lens housing are coupled together, but may moverelative to each other. The spring box 306 covers and protects the pogopins and/or provides aesthetic value be given a finished look to theframes.

FIG. 4 shows the same components described above with reference to FIG.3 from an alternative angle. It should be noted that end piece 305,spring box cover 306, and electronics module 307 may be coupled to thefirst temple 300 using any suitable method (such as adhesive, two sidedtape, a screw, etc.).

FIG. 5 shows a close-up view of the first temple 300 of the exemplarydevice. As shown, the pogo pins (and in particular the end of the pogopins comprising the spring 302) may form an electrical connection withelectrical connectors 301. The electrical connectors 301 are embeddedwithin a cavity in the first temple 300. Also shown are connectors 310that may form an electrical connection with the connectors 301 and theelectronics module 307. Thus, the electrical connectors 301 and 310 forma conductive path from the pogo pins to the electronics module (notshown) in the cavity 308. In some embodiments, the connectors 301 and310 may comprise a single electrical conductor.

FIG. 6 shows the components described above coupled together with (ordisposed within) the first temple 300. As shown, the vertebrae 304 covera portion of the conductor 303 of the pogo pins. The electricalconnector 301 is shown in physical contact with the pogo pins, and thepogo pins are embedded substantially within the first temple 300.

FIG. 7 shows an isolated view of the connections formed between theelectronics module 307 and the pogo pins. As shown, the electricalconnectors 301 are coupled to the electronics module 307 and are inphysical (and electrical) contact with a portion 302 of the pogo pins.In this manner, a conductive path is provided from the electronicsmodule 307 to the pogo pins. The pogo pins (via conductor 303) mayfurther form an electrical connection with a portion of the lenshousing. In so doing, a conductive path may be provided from the firsttemple 300 (e.g. from the electronics module 307) to the lens housing.In this manner, the electronics module 307 may provide, for example,power and/or control signals to electronics housed on the lens housingand/or in the lens. Further, as described above, the use of the pogopins may be beneficial, for example, with the use of a spring mechanismas they may continue to provide a portion of a conductive path betweenthe electronics module 307 and the lens housing for a plurality ofpositions of the first temple 300 relative to the lens housing (e.g. anumber of angles formed there between, as described above).

FIGS. 8 and 9 show views of the first temple 300 with each of theidentified components coupled together where appropriate. The exemplaryembodiment may provide a finished look (which may be aestheticallypleasing), as each of the internal components (such as the pogo pins,the electrical connectors, and even the electronics module) arerelatively concealed or masked with the first temple.

FIG. 10 shows a close up of the end piece 305 of the exemplary device.As shown the conductor 303 of the pogo pins are partially exposed so asto be capable of forming an electrical connection with the lens housing.The vertebra 304 cover a portion of the pogo pins, and also provide theability for the first temple 300 to move relative to the lens housing,while remaining coupled thereto.

The above description is illustrative and is not restrictive. Manyvariations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in theart upon review of the disclosure. The scope of the invention should,therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description,but instead should be determined with reference to the pending claimsalong with their full scope or equivalents.

Embodiments provided herein may thereby convey some of the advantages ofutilizing a spring mechanism on eyeglass frames to embodimentscomprising electro-active frames. For example, the use of the springmechanism may provide for a better and/or more comfortable fit for thewearer, while providing the first conductive path from the first templeto the lens housing may allow for embodiments to utilize electroniccomponents located on either or both of the lens housing (and/or thelens) and the temple. In addition, some embodiments may also provide theadvantage of conserving power (and/or the lifetime of the electronics)by providing a conductive path from the temple to the lens housing forsome positions of the temple relative to the lens housing, while notproviding the conductive path in one ore more other positions.

Exemplary Embodiments Comprising Separate Conductive Paths

Embodiments disclosed herein may provide for electro-active framescomprising multiple conductive paths that are electrically isolated fromone another. As more sophisticated electronics are provided onelectro-active frames, it may be necessary to provide for additionalelectrical connections between multiple components. To functionproperly, these electrical connections (and the conductive paths thatprovide the electrical signals and current) must be separated (i.e.electrically isolated) to properly control multiple components (or, ifan electrical component must be supplied power and control signals, thismay also require multiple electrically isolated paths as well). Oftentimes, electrical components are located in the temple of theelectro-active frames (typically because there may be more space todispose such components therein in an aesthetically acceptable manner).Housing electronic components in the temple may require that electricalconnections are made between these components in the temple and anyelectrical components coupled to the lens housing (which may include thelenses themselves).

Embodiments may provide that these conductive paths from the temple tothe lens housing of an electro-active frame are provided by frameelements of electro-active frames. As used herein, a “frame element” isany structural component of a frame (including the frame itself) or acomponent embedded therein such as a wire, conductor (such as metal), orconductive rubber. Thus, for instance, a frame element may include atemple, a bridge, a lens housing (e.g. rim wire for full rimmed orsemi-rimless frames, hinges that connect to the lens housing and thetemple, and/or other lens housings such as screws, nylon monofilament,etc) or portions thereof. A frame element does not comprise exteriorcomponents attached to the frame, such as a wire that runs along anouter surface. In this manner, by providing the conductive paths in aframe element or elements, the electro-active frames may remainaesthetically pleasing by not having bulky cords or other connectionsrunning across the frames or in locations where they may be visible.

Electro-active frames, and in particular electro-active frames that haveelectrical components in one or both lenses, often comprise multipleelectronic components such as driving and control components (e.g. onefor each lens). This can result in expensive devices with duplicativecomponents. The inventors have found that by, for instance, providingmultiple isolated electrical paths using frame elements, is may bepossible to reduce the number of duplicative electrical components andthereby significantly decrease the costs of such devices (e.g. by only asingle electronics module that may control both of the lenses). That is,the electronic components (such as the power supply, the controller(such as a micro-processor), and the sensor mechanism (such as a switchthat can activate the device) are often the components that are of thegreatest expense (or are at least are relatively expensive in comparisonto some of the other components of the frames). By reducing the numberof components in each device, the inventors have provided the benefit ofdecreasing the costs associated with fabrication materials anddecreasing the complexity and time of manufacture. Moreover, framedesigns may be lighter and more structurally durable, as there are lesscomponents disposed thereon.

Described below are exemplary embodiments of devices comprisingconductive paths provided by one or more frame elements (or componentsthereof) from the temple of a device to the lens housing. Theembodiments described below are for illustration purposes only and arenot thereby intended to be limiting. After reading this disclosure, itmay be apparent to a person of ordinary skill that various components asdescribed below may be combined or omitted in certain embodiments, whilestill practicing the principles described.

A first device is provided that comprises a frame. The frame furtherincludes a lens housing adapted to support a first lens and a secondlens, a first temple coupled to the lens housing, and a second templecoupled to the lens housing. The first device further comprises a firstconductive path provided by one or more frame elements from the firsttemple to the lens housing and a second conductive path provided by oneor more frame elements from the first temple to the lens housing. Thatis, the first device, through the use of two conductive paths, mayprovide, for instance, multiple electrical connections between twodevices (e.g. one connection that provides power and the other thatprovides a control input), or between a plurality of devices (e.g. acontrol module or power supply that provides a signal or current to twodifferent components, such as to two electro-active lenses). In thisregard, the first conductive path is electrically isolated from thesecond conductive path. Embodiments may thereby provide the ability tosend separate signals (for instance, power and a control signal) fromelectronics that are housed in the temple to those located on the lenshousing. It should be noted that an electrical component need not belocated on the lens housing (for instance, an electrical component maybe located in a lens of the device). The device in some embodiments,need only provide a conductive path from the temple (i.e. any part ofthe temple or a component thereon) to the lens housing. The conductivepath may further extend to the lenses or to another component disposedthereon (or it may even extend through the lens housing and to the othertemple).

It is often desirable (and/or necessary) for electrical components to belocated or disposed on the lens housing to serve their intendedpurposes. For instance, if an electronic component displays an image tothe viewer, changes the refractive index of the lens, or otherwiseprovides functions related to the wearer's vision, then these componentsmay need to be located on (or near) the lenses. However, as noted above,the lens housing (or the lenses themselves) often does not have adequatespace for the additional electrical components that may be required toactivate and/or utilize the electronic components located on the lenshousing or lenses (such as a power source, controller, or sensingmodule). In addition, these components may be aesthetically unpleasingand noticeable if disposed on the lens housing (or the lensesthemselves). It may therefore be desirable in some embodiments to locatesome or all of these additional electrical components on (or within) thetemples of the frame. The temples typically have space available onwhich the additional electronic components may be disposed on and/orhidden or masked so as to remain aesthetically appealing.

However, as noted above, it may be necessary to provide a conductivepath between the components in the temple and those located on the lenshousing (or on the lenses). By using the frame element (e.g. thecomponents themselves or conductors embedded therein), the inventorshave developed embodiments of a device that may provide the necessaryconductive paths to the lens housing, while maintaining the aestheticsof the device. Moreover, by electrically isolating the components so asto provide separate conductive paths, the inventors have developedembodiments of a device that may provide multiple inputs and connectionsto electrical components that may be coupled to the lens housing.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises at least one electrical insulator disposed between at least aportion of the first conductive path and the second conductive path. By“at least a portion” it is meant that electrical insulator need not bedisposed along the entire first or second conductive paths (or along anentire interface between the two paths). Embodiments may providedifferent ways of electrically isolating the two conductive paths thatmay, for instance, combine the use of the insulator with othercomponents or features (such as by providing an air gap between the twoconductive paths in a region) and/or may utilize multiple insulatingmaterials.

The electrical insulator may be made of any suitable material, and mayin some embodiments (such as embodiments where the conductors areembedded within a frame element) comprise a part of a frame element(such as when the frame element comprises a plastic material). Forinstance, in some embodiments, the electrically insulating material maycomprise an injection moldable or similarly formed plastic material. Insome embodiments, the electrically insulating material comprises nylon.The electrical insulator may be utilized in some embodiments in whichthe frame element comprises conductive material, and thereby twoelectrical paths may utilize the insulating materials to form the twoconductive paths (although as described below, other methods may also beused when the frame elements comprise conductive material to isolate twoconductive paths—such as by separating the paths using an air gap).Additional exemplary embodiments related to similar embodiments areshown in FIGS. 11-12. In addition, embodiments may comprise multipleelectrical insulators (for instance multiple pieces of the same materialor different material) and the insulating material may be located alongdifferent portions of the electrical paths (for instance, a portion ofthe insulating material may be located in the temple and another portionof the insulating material may be located in the lens housing).

In this regard, in some embodiments, the first device further comprisesa first hinge coupled to the first temple and the lens housing. Thefirst hinge may connect the temple to the housing, and allow the templeto move relative to the housing. The electrical insulator may be locatedat least within the first hinge. For instance, in some embodiments, aportion of the electrical path or paths may comprise the hinge (that is,the hinge may comprise conductive material or conductive material may beembedded therein). The hinge may comprise a portion of the conductivepaths in some embodiments because it is coupled to both the lens housing(or comprises a part of the lens housing) and the temple, and therebymay provide a conductive path between the two frame elements. An exampleof a hinge comprising a portion of a conductive path is shown in FIGS.2( a) (e.g. path 205-206) and (b) (e.g. path 214-215). The hinge may,for example comprise conductive material, and an insulator may bedisposed therein so as to define two electrically isolated conductivepaths. However, as noted above, the electrical insulator may be locatedin any suitable location, or in multiple locations, as needed. Forinstance, in some embodiments, the electrical insulator is located atleast within the first temple. In some embodiments, the electricalinsulator is located at least within the lens housing. This may bepreferred, for example, in embodiments of semi-rimless frames wherein apartial eye-wire (which may be used to mask or hide an embeddedconductor or conductors) is present only over one portion of the lenses(e.g. the top or the bottom of the lenses). The two conductive paths maybe located in the partial eye wire, and the electrical insulator may beused to separate the two paths.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises an electronics module that is coupled to the first temple ofthe frame. As noted above, the electronics module and other componentsmay be preferably located on the temple in some embodiments for bothpractical and aesthetic reasons. The electronics module may comprise,for example, a controller, a power source, and/or a sensing mechanism.Some or all of these components may be used to operate electricalcomponents located on the lens housing, which may thereby require anelectrical contact between the electronics module and the component. Inthis regard, the first and second conductive paths may be electricallyconnected to the electronics module. In this manner, the electronicsmodule (or the components therein) may be electrically connected tocomponents coupled to the lens housing (such as those located in thelenses for the first device). In some embodiments, the use of frameelements to provide portions of the conductive paths, in addition to theelectronics module being embedded in the first temple, results in adevice that may appear to an observer to be an ordinary(non-electro-active) frame. Furthermore, in some embodiments, theelectronic components (e.g. coupled to an embedded electronics module)and the conductive paths (comprising a fame element or elements) may beprotected from the elements, and may, for example, reduce the likelihoodthat a short may occurs from an outside charge or force.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above furthercomprises a first lens having a first electrical contact and a secondlens having a second electrical contact. That is, some embodiments ofthe first device may comprise electro-active lenses (such as lenses thatperform different function when current is supplied to them or acomponent therein). To provide current to the electro-active lens orcomponents therein, the lenses may comprise one or more electricalcontacts. In some embodiments, the first conductive path electricallyconnects to the first electrical contact of the first lens and thesecond conductive path electrically connects to the second electricalcontact of the second lens. That is, the first conductive path mayelectrically connect to the first lens and the second conductive pathmay electrically connect to the second lens. In this manner, forexample, embodiments may provide that a single electrical component (orelectronics module) that is coupled to both the first and the secondconductive paths may provide signals and/or current to the first andsecond lens of the device separately. For instance, embodiments, mayprovide for the first and second lens to be controlled separatelyutilizing the electrically isolated conductive paths. Rather than asingle electrical component (or electronics module), the first lens andthe second lens may be individually controlled by separate electricalcomponents (i.e. the first and second conductive path may, but need not,electrically connect to a single component).

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatcomprises a first lens having a first electrical contact that iselectrically connected to the first conductive path, and a second lenshaving a second electrical contact that is electrically connected to thesecond conductive path, the first lens may further include a secondelectrical contact and the second lens may further include a firstelectrical contact. That is, the first and the second lenses may eachcomprise a first and a second electrical contact such that each mayreceive a plurality of signals or currents from one or more electricalcomponents. In some embodiments, the first conductive path mayelectrically connect to the first electrical contact of the second lensand the second conductive path may electrically connect to the secondelectrical contact of the first lens. In this regard, the first lens andsecond lens may each be electrically connected to both the first andsecond conductive paths. Such embodiments may, but need not, provide forsimultaneously controlling both the first and the second lens using asingle electronics module or other components. Embodiments may therebyutilize, for example, a single electronics module that is electricallyconnected to both the first and second lenses.

As was described above, the use of a single electronics module and/orelectrical components (such as those that may be coupled to the firsttemple of the device) to control a plurality of electrical components(such as those that are coupled to the lens housing and/orelectro-active lenses of the first device) may provide several benefits.This includes, for example, removing redundant electrical components,and thereby reducing the manufacturing costs and complexity of the firstdevice without sacrificing functionality. Such embodiments may alsoremove the need to synchronize the first and second lenses. That is, forexample, if the first and second lenses are electro-active lenses andare controlled using two different electronics modules (or componentstherein), the operation of each may have to be matched with the other(otherwise, a wearer may become distorted or receive conflictingfunctionality from the lenses). Synchronizing the lenses could requireadditional electrical components and further add to the cost and thecomplexity of the first device.

Indeed, in some embodiments, the second temple or the second lens doesnot comprise an electronics module coupled thereto. In this manner, theelectro-active frames may comprise less redundant features by utilizinga single electronics module (or the components therein) electricallyconnected to both the first and second lenses (or other componentscoupled to the lens housing). In some embodiments, the use of twoelectrical connections (i.e. via the first and second conductive paths)may be the minimal number of electrical contacts needed for electricalcomponents located on the lens housing or the electro-active lenses(e.g. the first and second lenses) to function properly.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lenshousing comprises a non-conductive material and the frame elementproviding the first conductive path (or a portion thereof) comprises aconductive material embedded in the lens housing. That is, theconductive path may comprise material embedded in the lens housing. Thismay provide the benefit that the lens housing material itself mayelectrically isolate the first conductive path from other components(such as the second conductive path). Also, utilizing a non-conductivematerial for the lens housing (rather than a conductive material) mayprevent short faults with the electronic components, or false signalsgenerated by outside sources (such as by static electricity). In someembodiments, the frame element providing the second conductive path (ora portion thereof) comprises a conductive material embedded in the lenshousing. In such embodiments, the frame elements providing the portionsof the first and second conductive paths may be embedded within the lenshousing such that a sufficient amount of non-conductive material (e.g.the material that comprises the lens housing) is disposed between thetwo conductive paths such that they remain electrically isolated. Insome embodiments, additional electrical insulation may be provided andembedded within the lens housing as well. In some embodiments, the lenshousing comprises acetate. Acetate is one of the more common materialsthat eyeglass frames comprise. It is non-conductive and it may thereforebe preferable to use this material for some of the embodiments describedabove utilizing non-conductive materials.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst device comprises a first and second lens having first and secondelectrical contacts, where the first conductive path electricallyconnects to the first contact of the first and second lens, and wherethe second conductive path electrically connects to the second contactof the first and the second lens, the lens housing may comprise aconductive material. A first portion of the lens housing may provide atleast a part of the first conductive path. That is, a portion of thelens housing that comprises a conductive material may form an electricalconnection between the first electrical contact of each of the first andsecond lenses. An exemplary embodiment of this is shown in FIGS. 11 and12, and described in detail below. In some embodiments, at least a partof the second conductive path is provided by a second portion of thelens housing. That is, for example, the lens housing may be separatedinto a plurality of electrically isolated portions. This may be done inany manner, such as by having two separate conductive pieces that areshaped appropriately (e.g. shaped into the mold of the lens housingportions such that when coupled to the first device, the first andsecond portions may support the lenses) and coupling the two portions tothe first device (such as by coupling the portions to hinges or thetemples) so that the portions remain are physically separate (i.e.electrically isolated).

In this manner, some embodiments may offer some advantages over otherdesigns for providing electrically isolated conductive paths such as, byway of example, providing a less complicated manufacturing process. Thatis, for embodiments where the lens housing itself comprises conductivematerial, there may be no need to provide conductive material embeddedwithin the lens housing (which could be a complex and intricate process,particularly when attempting to define multiple electrically isolatedconductive paths. By utilizing a more macro approach such as physicallyseparating the large conducting components of the frame to form theconductive paths (e.g. a top portion 1101 and a bottom portion 1102 thatare separated at the ends 1104 and 1105 where they may be coupled to thetemples (or a hinge) of the first device and in the center 1103 by anair gap or insulation), embodiments may provide a readily achievable andcommercially feasible design for providing the electrically isolatedconductive paths.

Continuing with these exemplary embodiments, wherein the first devicecomprises a first and second lens having first and second electricalcontacts, where the first conductive path electrically connects to thefirst contact of the first and second lens, where the second conductivepath electrically connects to the second contact of the first and thesecond lens, where the lens housing comprises a conductive material,where a first portion of the lens housing provides at least a part ofthe first conductive path, and where at least a part of the secondconductive path is provided by a second portion of the lens housing, thefirst portion of the lens housing and the second portion of the lenshousing may be separated by at least one of an air gap or insulatingmaterial. This may again be illustrated with reference to the exemplaryembodiments in FIGS. 11 and 12, where the electrical isolation betweenthe first 1101 and the second 1102 conductive paths is an air gap at thebridge 1103. Other points of electrical isolation are provided at theedges of the lens housing 1104 and 1105 where the first portion 1101 andsecond portion 1102 of the lens housing are coupled to the temples atdifferent locations. In some embodiments, rather than an air gap at thebridge 1103, electrical insulation may be used. This may provide anadvantage over the air gap embodiments because the portions 1101 and1102 above and below the air gap are likely to, at some point, bemisshaped such that the electrical isolation may be compromised(particularly when considering the daily abuse that eyeglasses may besubject to). In contrast, if insulation is used at 1103, even if theportions 1101 and 1102 change shape, there may still be insulationdisposed between the two portions, thereby potentially maintaining theelectrical isolation. As noted above, in some embodiments, the bridge1103 includes the first portion 1101 and the second portion 1102 of thelens housing (or portions thereof) and the air gap may be formed there.In some embodiments, the air gap has a maximum distance of at leastapproximately 10 mm. This distance for the air gap may provide enoughseparation between the first 1101 and second portion 1102 that the airgap is unlikely to be compromised during everyday use. In someembodiments, the first portion of the lens housing and the secondportion of the lens housing comprise metal.

Continuing further with these exemplary embodiments, in someembodiments, where the first device further comprises at least oneelectrical insulator disposed between at least a portion of the firstconductive path and the second conductive path, the electrical insulatormay include a first component and a second component. The firstcomponent of the electrical insulator disposed between the firstconductive path and the second conductive path comprises the first lensand the second lens. That is, again with reference to FIG. 11 forillustration purposes only, the first portion of the insulation mayrefer to the separation provide by the first 1106 and second 1107lenses. That is, in some embodiments, the lenses are not made of aconductive material (or comprise embedded conductive materials) suchthat current could flow from the first portion 1101 to the secondportion 1102 of the lens housing. In some embodiments, the secondcomponent of the electrical insulator disposed between the firstconductive path and the second conductive path includes at least one of:an air gap and an electrically insulating material. That is, again withreference to FIG. 11, the second portion of the insulation may refer tothe separation provided at the bridge 1103. In some embodiments, thesecond component of the electrical insulator is disposed between thefirst lens and the second lens. In this manner, the second portion ofthe insulator may prevent current from flowing between the twocomponents and thereby compromising the electrical isolation of thefirst and second portions of the lens housing.

In some embodiments, and as noted above, the electrically insulatingmaterial that electrically isolates the first portion of the lenshousing from the second portion of the lens housing may comprise aninjection moldable or similarly formed plastic material. This materialmay be preferred because of its ability to mold its shape to theparticular area it is confined to. Moreover, because it is injectionmoldable, it may be easier to apply this material to portions of theframe, such as embedding within the lens housing or the bridge area. Insome embodiments, the electrically insulating material comprises nylon.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above may comprisesemi-rimless eyeglass frames. As defined above, in some embodiments,semi-rimless eyeglass frames typically have partial eye-wires aroundsome of the first and second lenses to provide support. It may bepreferred that the first and second conductive paths are provided inthis portion of the semi-rimless eyeglass frames because, for instance,the eye-wire is typically the thicker portion of the lens housing (i.e.this portion may be better able to hide the electrical components, andmay also better protect the electrical connections from damage) incomparison to the nylon monofilament or other material that may be usedon the remaining sections of the lenses to hold them in place. In thisregard, in some embodiments, the first conductive path and the secondconductive path are each disposed within the lens housing of thesemi-rimless spectacles. For semi-rimless frame design embodiments, bothof the electrical conductors that comprise the first and secondconductive paths, respectively, may be disposed over the top of the lens(or the bottom, depending on the style of frames and/or where theportion of eye-wire (or the thicker portion of the lens housing) may belocated). The first and second conductive paths may be separated by anelectrically insulating material. That is, for instance, the lenshousing in a semi-rimless design may comprise eye-wire (or any othersuitable lens housing components) over the top portion of the first andsecond lens. This portion of the lens housing may comprise both thefirst and the second conductive paths, as well as an insulating material(such as nylon) disposed between the conductive paths such that thefirst and second conductive paths may be both electrically coupled tothe first and second lens, and remain electrically isolated from theother.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described, the lens housingcomprises full rimmed spectacle frames. Exemplary embodiments are shownagain in FIGS. 11 and 12, but embodiments art not so limited. Forexample and as described above, full rimmed design embodiments may alsocomprise the first conductive path and the second conductive pathprovided by materials embedded within the lens housing. That is,embodiments are not limited to using only lens housing that compriseconductive materials. The full rim embodiments may include lens housingsthat comprise metal or plastic (or some combination thereof). Ingeneral, full rimmed designs may be preferred from a functionalstandpoint as the eye-wires that many such embodiments comprise mayprovide a ready means, as described in examples above, of providing afirst and second conductive path from the temple to the lens housings,and/or from the lens housings to the lenses.

Although embodiments may provide one or more conductive paths from atemple to the lens housing which may, in some embodiments, provide oneor more advantages related to reducing the number of components used forthe electro-active frames, embodiments are not so limited. Indeed, theconcepts discussed and described above may be equally applicable toembodiments that comprise multiple electronics modules and/or othercomponents located on both the first and the second temple. In general,these embodiments may present advantages over single module embodimentssuch as, for instance, greater flexibility in controlling the individualcomponents (such as electro-active lenses) by having individual controlslocated on each temple for each (or both) components. Provided below areadditional exemplary embodiments:

A first device is further provided that comprises a frame. The framefurther comprises a lens housing adapted to support a first lens and asecond lens, a first temple coupled to the lens housing, and a secondtemple coupled to the lens housing. The first device further includes afirst conductive path provided by one or more frame elements from thefirst temple to the lens housing, a second conductive path provided byone or more frame elements from the first temple to the lens housing, athird conductive path provided by one or more frame elements from thesecond temple to the lens housing, and a fourth conductive path providedby one or more frame elements from the second temple to the lenshousing. As noted above, the use of frame elements provides manyadvantages over systems that may utilize exposed wires or other methodsfor establishing a conductive path between a temple of the frame and thelens housing. In the first device, each of the first, second, third, andfourth conductive paths are electrically isolated from each other. Asnoted above, it is generally beneficial to provide multiple electricallyisolated conductive paths so as to control multiple electroniccomponents and/or provide additional functionality, such as by providingpower and signal paths to the components.

The first device as described above in some embodiments may provide theadvantage that multiple electronics modules and/or electronic componentsmay be disposed on either or both of the temples of the electro-activeframe. This may, for instance, allow for more functionality than singlemodule embodiments, based on, for instance providing for additionalelectronics to be included on the first device. Moreover, by providingelectronics modules on both temples, embodiments may provide theadvantage of not having to utilize a conductive path across the bridgeof the frames to power/control electronic components on both sides ofthe lens housing. This may, in some embodiments, reduce the complexityof manufacturing that portion of the electro-active lens frame. Inaddition, in some embodiments, the conductive path across the bridge maybe the location in which the electrical isolation between the variousconductive paths is more likely to be compromised. Some embodiments mayalso provide for a more robust electro-active frame (and/or lenssystem), with potential backup systems and redundancy provided for theelectronic components on each temple.

In some embodiments, in the first device as provided above, the firstconductive path is electrically isolated from the second conductive pathby an electric insulator and the third conductive path is electricallyisolated from the fourth conductive path by an electric insulator. Theinsulator may comprise any suitable material and may be located in anysuitable location, such as at least in the temple, hinge, or lenshousing, as described above. In some embodiments, the first devicefurther includes a first electronics module that may be disposed on thefirst temple and a second electronics module disposed on the secondtemple. Such embodiment, as noted above, may provide the advantages ofcontrolling multiple elements (such as electro-active lenses)individually, or providing a redundancy system so that theelectro-active lenses may function after a failure in one of theelectronics modules.

In some embodiments, the first device further includes a first lenshaving a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact and asecond lens having a first electrical contact and a second electricalcontact. In some embodiments, the first conductive path may electricallyconnect to the first electrical contact of the first lens, the secondconductive path may electrically connect to the second electricalcontact of the first lens, the third conductive path may electricallyconnect to the first electrical contact of the second lens, and thefourth conductive path may electrically connect to the second electricalcontact of the second lens. In some embodiments, the first and secondconductive paths electrically connect to the first electronics moduleand the third and fourth conductive paths electrically connect to thesecond electronics module.

That is, it may be the case that in some embodiments, the conductivepaths that are provided from the first temple to the lens housing aresegregated in both position and function from the conductive paths thatare provided from the second temple to the lens housing (however,embodiments are not so limited). For instance, in some embodimentscomprising electro-active lenses, the first and second conductive pathsmay be electrically connected to the first lens and the third and fourthconductive paths may be electrically connected to the second lens. Insome embodiments, neither the first nor second conductive path iscoupled to the second lens. Similarly, in some embodiments, neither thethird nor the fourth conductive path may be electrically coupled to thefirst lens. In this regard, the first and second electrical paths may beelectrically isolated from the third and fourth conductive paths basedlargely on the fact that there is no overlap in function or coverage.That is, for instance, the first and second conductive paths may be on afirst side having a first lens, and the third and fourth conductivepaths may be on a second side of the lens housing having the secondlens. This, as noted above, in some embodiments, there may be no need tohave a conductive path across the bridge. However, embodiments are notso limited, and any or all of the conductive paths may cross the bridgeof the electro-active frames.

With reference to FIGS. 11-13, exemplary embodiments of the first devicecomprising a plurality of electrically isolated conductive pathsdisposed on an electro-active spectacles frame are provided. Withreference to FIG. 11, an exemplary embodiment of a device comprisingelectro-active lenses housed within an electro-active frame is provided.As described above, one or more electronic modules that can activate anddeactivate one or both of the electro-active lenses 1106 and 1107 can bepositioned within either or both temples of the electro-active spectacleframe.

As shown in FIG. 11, a full rimmed electro-active spectacle frame isprovided. Moreover, as shown, FIG. 11 is an example of an exemplaryembodiment in which the lens housing may comprise conductive material.As was described above, embodiments are not so limited.

The exemplary device in FIG. 11 comprises an upper rim portion 1101(i.e. a first portion of the lens housing) that may comprise a portionof a first conductive path. The upper rim portion 1101 can be made ofmetal in some embodiments, but is not so limited. The first conductivepath can provide a first link (i.e. an electrical connection) between anelectronics module and a first electronic contact or terminal (notshown) of one or both electro-active lenses or any other electronicscomponents that may be located on the lens housing.

Continuing with the description of the exemplary embodiment shown inFIG. 11, the exemplary electro-active spectacle frame comprises a lowerrim portion 1102 (i.e. a second portion of the lens housing) that maycomprise a portion of a second conductive path. The lower rim portion1102 may also be made of metal, but is not so limited and any conductivematerial may suffice. The second conductive path may provide a secondlink (i.e. electrical connection) between the electronics module and asecond electronic contact or terminal (not shown) of one or bothelectro-active lenses or any other electronics components that may belocated on the lens housing.

By providing the upper 1101 and lower 1102 rim portions, embodiments mayprovide separate conductive routes to both electro-active lenses 1106and 1107. Thus, in some embodiments and as described above, theelectro-active lenses (or any other components located on the lenshousing) can be controlled/powered by a single electronics modulepositioned on either the right or left temple portion of theelectro-active frame. However, embodiments are not so limited and mayprovide for multiple electronics modules located on either or both ofthe temples.

As shown in FIG. 11, the upper 1101 and lower 1102 rim portions, whichmay comprise a portion of the first and second conductive paths,respectively, may together form a bridge 1103 of the electro-activespectacle frames. The bridge 1103 of the electro-active spectacle framescan be formed without having the upper 1101 and lower 1102 rim portionstouching (i.e. in physical or electrical contact), so as to ensureseparate conductive paths (i.e. maintain the first and second conductivepaths as electrically isolated from one another). In addition, the upper1101 and lower 1102 rim portions are physically and electricallyseparated at the ends 1104 and 1105, so as to maintain electricalisolation from the other. The upper 1101 and lower 1102 rim portions maybe coupled to a hinge, temple, or other frame component at the ends 1104and 1105, but at different locations so as to remain electricallyisolated from each other. The rim portions may also be electricallyconnected to the other portions of the first and second conductive pathsat the ends 1104 and 1105.

With reference to FIG. 12, an exemplary illustration of an aestheticcomponent is provided (e.g. a design mask). The design mask comprises anupper snap-on element 1201 and a lower snap-on element 1202. The upper1201 and lower 1202 snap-on elements can be positioned on top of theupper rim portion 1101 and the lower rim portion 1102, respectively. Theupper 1201 and lower 1202 snap-on elements may comprise a non-conductivematerial, such as plastic, but are not so limited. The upper 1201 andlower 1202 snap-on elements can be used to alter the style or design ofthe electro-active spectacles.

With reference to FIG. 13, an exemplary temple 1301 is shown that maycomprise a part of an electro-active spectacles frame. One or moreelectronic components, such as an electronics module, may be coupled tothe temple 1301.

Embodiments Comprising a Compliant Conductive Element

Previously, the inventors developed novel electro-active spectaclelenses that may be manufactured as semi-finished lens blanks capable ofbeing surfaced and edged using methods known to those skilled in the artinto finished spectacle lenses that, for instance, correct a patient'svision (or provide other beneficial functionality, such as tinting,polarizing, filtering, etc.) and fit within a spectacle frame. Theinventors have also developed novel electro-active spectacle frames ofvarious designs capable of operating and/or functioning withelectro-active spectacle lenses and/or other electronic components,including, for example, the exemplary embodiments disclosed above.

As described therein with reference to exemplary lens design andmanufacture, in some embodiments, the finished lenses may be processedfrom semi-finished lens blank using methods and equipment that may beknown to those skilled in the art. In this regard, a means for makingelectrical connections between the frames and the lenses that isconsistent with some or all of those methods and equipment may also bebeneficial. In other instances (or in congruence), it may be beneficialto provide electrical connections between various components disposedon, or within, electro-active frames that may also provide flexibly,adaptability, durability, and/or more reliable electrical contacts.

As detailed below, a means for making such electrical connections (e.g.in a manner that may be consistent with currently used lens processingmethods and/or frame designs) is provided. The means for providing theelectrical connections between components of an electro-active fame(such as the connections from the lens to the frame), as describedherein, may comprise a compliant conductive element. In this manner,embodiments may allow for a robust and forgiving connection consistentwith the requirements related to the regular stress experienced byeyeglasses (such as when taken on and off one's face, being dropped,worn when sleeping, struck with objects, bent by small children, etc.).In addition, embodiments comprising a compliant conductive element thatprovides electrical connections as described herein may be utilized forany and all uses whereby the eyeglass frames houses some, most, or allof the electronics and the lens comprises a component or components thatmust be activated and or deactivated by an electrical current.

As used herein, a “compliant conductive element” may refer to aphysically compliant and compressible material that is electricallyconductive. That is, for instance, the material typically has theproperties that it is physically malleable (e.g. capable of beingdeformed, at least along a surface) but is still electrically conductivesuch that is may comprise a portion of a conductive part. The conductivecompliant element may comprise, by way of example only, conductiverubber. Conductive rubber may include, but is not limited to, an elastichydrocarbon polymer. A particular not limiting example of material thatmay comprise a compliant conductive element includes a metal loadedsilicone elastomer. The compliant conductive element may be preferablyextruded or otherwise molded into a shape that may conform to portionsof either (or both) of the lens housing and lens so as to form anelectrical connection (e.g. an electrically conductive bridge) betweenthe lens and lens housing. The compliant conductive element may also beused to form electrical connections between other portions of the frameand/or other electrical components.

With some or all of the above in mind, a first device may be provided.The first device may include a lens comprising at least a firstelectrical contact. That is, for instance, the first lens may comprisean electro-active lens such that the lens may provide a particularfunctionality, feature, or property when current or voltage is suppliedthat it may not provide when no current or voltage is supplied (or thefunctionality may vary based on the amount of current or voltagesupplied, etc.). Examples of such lenses were provided above. Theelectrical contact of the first lens may be utilized to electricallycouple the lens (or a portion thereof) to other electronic components(such as, for instance, a controller or power supply) that may providesuch voltage or current (e.g., in the form of a control signal or powersupply).

The first device may also comprise a lens housing holding the lens. Thelens housing may include at least a second electrical contact. That is,for instance, the lens housing (such as was defined above) or acomponent therein may comprise a part of a conductive path, and thesecond electrical contact may be used to electrically connect theconductive path to another conductive element (which may also beembedded in the lens housing, coupled the lens housing, or comprise anyother part of the first device or component thereto, such as the lens).

The first device may further comprise a compliant conductive elementdisposed between the first and the second electrical contact thatelectrically connects the first and second electrical contacts. That is,the compliant conductive element may be disposed such as to providecurrent between the first electrical contact and the second electricalcontact (in this exemplary case, between the lens and the lens housing).In this manner, embodiments may supply current (e.g. power or a controlsignal) from a component coupled to another portion of the first device(e.g. on a first temple of an electro-active frame) to the lens via thelens housing.

As noted above, the use of a compliant conductive element may, in someembodiments, provide some advantages over previously used conductors andother means of connecting components in an electro-active frame,particularly when forming connections to an electro-active lens. Forinstance, the use of a compliant conductive element (as described above)may form better electrical connections to the surface of an electricalcontact (particularly shaped surfaces, such as beveled edges) becausethe compliant conductive element may conform substantially to some orall of those surfaces. In this manner, the interface between theelectrical contacts (i.e. the area of the connection) may be larger,providing increased electrical conductivity between the two.

In addition, the use of a compliant conductive element may, in someembodiments, provide for a more robust electrical connection that maywithstand external forces more effectively than previously usedconductors. That is, in part because the electrical connections betweena compliant conductive element and the electrical contacts may comprisea larger area, if a force applied to the device or a portion thereofcauses a part of the electrical connection between the compliantconductive element and one of the electrical contacts to be separated(i.e. no longer directly electrically connected), there may still besufficient contacts in other portions of the interface that may permitsufficient current to transfer between the components so as to result inlittle or no disruption in functionality of the device.

In addition, a compliant conductive element may, in some embodiments,conform and/or adapt to changes in the disposition of a first electricalcontact in relation to a second electrical contact that it is disposedbetween (e.g. in the exemplary device described above, a compliantconductive element may adapt to changes in the disposition of the lenshousing relative to the lens). For instance, if the separation betweenthe lens and the lens housing increases at a location where anelectrical contact is formed between the two components using acompliant conductive element, then in some embodiments, the compliantconductive element may expand in that location so as to maintain theelectrical contact. Similarly, in some embodiments, if there is anincrease in the force applied between the lens housing and the lens (forinstance, an external force is applied to the lens housing causing it tobe misshaped or displaced in the direction of the lens), the compliantconductive element may compress in the location between the componentswhere the force is applied (this may include a temporary displacement,such as when the conductive compliant component absorbs some or all ofthe force applied by compressing and then expanding). By so doing, thecompliant conductive element may, in some embodiments, absorb stressapplied to the first device, and maintain the electrical connectionbetween components.

Moreover, by absorbing some or all of the forces applied thereto, acompliant conductive element may, in some embodiments, prevent or limitdamage to either of the components that comprise the first and secondelectrical contacts. For instance, if a force were applied to a typicaldevice above that which causes the lens and the lens housing to directlycontact, the lens may become chipped at the interface, which couldthreaten the integrity of the lens, the ability of the lens housing tohold the lens, and/or effect the electrical contacts between the twocomponents. The use of conductive compliant material disposed betweenportions of these components may reduce or prevent this direct contact,and may serve to absorb such forces and limit damage.

The use of a compliant conductive element in a first device may, in someembodiments, provide advantages during the manufacture process as well.For instance, as noted above, many lenses are shaped and edged prior tobeing coupled to a lens housing of an electro-active frame. This mayresult in slight differences between each lens that is then coupled orhoused within a lens housing. In embodiments where an electrical contactis formed between these components, the use of a compliant conductiveelement that may adapt or conform to features provided on either of thesurfaces of the electrical contacts, as well as the relative dispositionbetween the two components, may reduce manufacturing costs and defects,and provide for more reliable and suitable devices.

It should be noted that these advantages are provided as examples of theadvantages that some embodiments may provide, and therefore embodimentsdisclosed herein need not have some or all of the advantages describedabove.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatincludes a lens having a first contact, a lens housing having a secondcontact, and a compliant conductive element disposed between, andelectrically connecting, the first and second contacts, the compliantconductive element comprises conductive rubber. That is, conductiverubber is an example of a material that may comprise the compliantconductive element. Conductive rubber may have some of thecharacteristics, such as physical malleability while also havingsufficient conductivity, to provide some or all of the advantages notedabove in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatincludes a lens having a first contact, a lens housing having a secondcontact, and a compliant conductive element disposed between, andelectrically connecting, the first and second contacts, the compliantconductive element may be disposed substantially between the lenshousing and the lens. That is, as noted above, in some embodiments, thecompliant conductive element may be disposed between some or all of theportions of the lens and lens housing. In some embodiments, where thecompliant conductive element is disposed between substantially all ofthe portions of the lens and lens housing, embodiments may comprise thecompliant conductive element being disposed over the entire outersurface of the lens that is directly opposite to a surface of the lenshousing (or only the portions of the outer surface of the lens that havea lens housing surface directly opposing the lens outer surface). Insome embodiments, the compliant conductive element may be disposedbetween portions of the lens and lens housing where an electricalconnection is not made (e.g. portions of the lens and lens housing notcomprising an electrical contact). This may provide some of the benefitsdetailed above, including reducing damage caused by physical contactbetween the relatively rigid surfaces of the lens and lens housing, evenin areas where no electrical connection is made. In some embodiments,the compliant conductive element is only disposed between portions ofthe lens and lens housing that comprises electrical contacts. Thereduction in the amount of the compliant conductive element may therebyreduce manufacturing costs. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 25.In addition, in such embodiments, the lens housing may be manufacturedso as to comprise different portions corresponding to sections that havethe compliant conductive element disposed there between, and those thatdo not. In so doing, the first device may utilize a more efficient lenshousing design to accommodate whether there is or is not compliantconductive material disposed between sections of the lens housing andthe lens. Exemplary embodiments are disclosed in FIGS. 21-25.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element has a shape that comprises any one of, orsome combination of: a triangle, a square, a “figure 8,” an oval, acircle, or a rectangle. As used herein, the “shape” of the compliantconductive element may refer to the cross section of the compliantconductive element taken on a plane perpendicular to the longestdimension of the compliant conductive element. For example, in someembodiments where the compliant conductive element is extruded, theshape generally corresponds to the aperture through which the compliantconductive element was extruded. Examples of shapes of the compliantconductive element are shown in FIGS. 20( a)-(c).

In some embodiments, it may be preferred that the shape of the compliantconductive element comprises a “figure 8” because, for instance, thecompliant conductive element may provide structural support and assistin coupling the lens and the lens housing. A “figure 8” may refer to acompliant conductive element that has a shape that comprises two endpieces and a center piece disposed between the two end pieces. The twoend pieces are thicker than the center piece. The two end pieces neednot have the same thickness or the same length.

In some embodiments, it may be preferred that the compliant conductiveelement comprise a square or rectangle shape as opposed to a triangleshape (particularly when the lens has a beveled edge), because thesquare or rectangle shape may provide a greater area of electricalconnectivity by conforming to more of the surface of the lens. This isdue, in some embodiments, to the “triangle” shape resulting in the edgeof the lens compressing the compliant conductive material against anopposing surface of the lens housing without permitting the compliantconductive element to cover the lower portions of the lens surface.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the shape of the compliantconductive element may not conform precisely with a corresponding shape(e.g. rectangle, square, etc.) at the surface of the compliantconductive element. That is, at the surface of at least a portion of theconductive compliant element, the shape of the compliant conductiveelement may be slightly altered as it conforms to an opposite surface ofthe lens or lens housing that it is physically contacted with. Thus, the“shape” of the compliant conductive element may refer to either theshape of the compliant conductive element when disposed between thefirst and the second electrical contacts, or the uncompressed shape ofthe compliant conductive element (i.e. the shape of the compliantconductive element either before it is between the first and secondelectrical contacts, or before it have a force applied to its surface).In addition, it should be understood that in some embodiments, thecompliant conductive element may not comprise any shape, or it maycomprise other shapes than those expressly mentioned, includingirregular shapes and shapes that vary along the length of the compliantconductive element (i.e. the compliant conductive element may not have asingle shape, but the shape may depend on the location of thatparticular portion of compliant conductive element.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element includes a first end having a firstthickness, a second end having a second thickness, and a center portionhaving a third thickness that is disposed between, and coupled to, thefirst end and the second end. The first thickness of the first end andthe second thickness of the second end are each greater than the thirdthickness of the center portion. An exemplary embodiment of this shapeis shown in FIG. 20( a). That is, embodiments so described may refer tothe conductive element having a shape that corresponds to a “figure 8,”which may have some or all of the advantages noted above.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element may comprise an extrusion. As used herein,an “extrusion” may refer to an object made by squeezing, or otherwisedisposing, material through an aperture that shapes the material. It maybe generally beneficial, in some embodiments, to use an extrusion forsome or all of the compliant conductive element because, for instance,the use of an extrusion may be an efficient manner of disposing thecompliant conductive element between the lens and the lens housing (orbetween any other two components). The space between the lens and thelens housing may be relatively small (on the order of a millimeter), andtherefore an extrusion that may be injected into the cavity(particularly when the material may conform to the shape of the cavity)may be less complex than shaping a conductor into the correct size andshape and inserting it into the cavity. Moreover, it may be less complexto apply the compliant conductive element to portions of the lenshousing that may be difficult to access based, for instance, on thedesign features of the first device. In addition, embodiments thatutilize an extrusions may provide the advantage that compliantconductive element may be disposed between a plurality of differentdesigns of lenses and lens housing, without having to design a specifica component or components for each combination.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lenscomprises a first surface and the lens housing comprises a firstsurface. The compliant conductive element substantially conforms to atleast a portion of the first surface of the lens and at least a portionof the first surface of the lens housing. As was described above, thecompliant conductive element may have physical properties that permit itto adapt and conform to the interfaces of the components it is disposedbetween based on a force applied to its surface. Thus, in someembodiments, when the conductive compliant element is disposed in thelens housing or cavity thereto (or on a surface of the lens), and whenthe lens and lens housing are then coupled, a force may be applied tothe compliant conductive element disposed between the opposing surfacesof the lens and the lens housing such that the conformation may occur.Embodiments may thereby provide some of the benefits that were describedabove, including the ability to provide better electrical contactsbetween electrical contacts, and maintaining those contacts despitechanges in the relative positions of the surfaces.

In some embodiments, the first device as described further comprises afirst temple coupled to the lens housing and an electronics modulecoupled to the first temple. The compliant conductive element iselectrically connected to the electronics module. As defined above,electrically coupled does not require that the two components be indirect physical contact. Thus, embodiments may provide that the firstdevice comprises a conductive path from the electronics module to thecompliant conductive material. The conductive path could include, forexample, a conductor coupled to the electronics module, a portion of thetemple itself (or a conductor embedded therein), a portion of the lenshousing itself (or a conductor embedded therein), and the secondelectrical contact. As described above, it may be beneficial bothstructurally and aesthetically to locate electronic components in thetemple of an electro-active frame because, for instance, the additionalspace provided (as compared to the lens and lens housing) as well as theability to hide or mask those electronic components relatively out ofsight of an observer (or at least not as pronounced a location as thelens housing or frame).

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatcomprises a first temple coupled to the lens housing and an electronicsmodule coupled to the first temple, the first device further includes aconductor that is substantially embedded within the temple and/or thelens housing. The conductor may electrically connect the electronicmodule to the compliant conductive element. The conductor may compriseany suitable material, including metal. Although the conductor in someembodiments may be embedded substantially within the lens housing and/orthe first temple, the conductor may have portions exposed so as to makeelectrical contacts with other components. As was described above, aconductive path may comprise a number of electrically connectedcomponents, and therefore using a conductor embedded in either thetemple and/or the housing may be a means for efficiently establishing aconductive path from the electronics module to the compliant conductiveelement. The compliant conductive element may then be electricallycoupled to another electronic component (such as an electro-activelens). In this manner, embodiments may provide a conductive path toconduct current (e.g. control signals and/or power) from the temple tothe compliant conductive material (and then, for instance, to theelectro-active lens). As noted above, in some embodiments, a firstportion of the conductor may be exposed and electrically connects theelectronic module to the compliant conductive element. That is, as usedherein, the first portion of the conductor may be “exposed” if it is notsurrounded by a the lens housing along at least a portion of theconductor such that an electrical connection may be made to thecompliant conductive element.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatcomprises a first temple coupled to the lens housing, an electronicsmodule coupled to the first temple, and a conductor that issubstantially embedded within the temple and/or the lens housing, thelens housing comprises acetate. As noted above, acetate is a commonmaterial used in the manufacture of eyeglass frames, and is generallynon-conductive. Thus, in some embodiments, so as to provide a conductivepath from the electronics module coupled to the first temple, aconductor may be embedded in the lens housing comprising anon-conductive material. It may be generally preferred that a conductoris embedded within a frame element such that the frame element (or aportion thereof) may isolate a conductive path (or a portion thereof)from external forces, such as potential shorts and/or excess voltages.In contrast, in some embodiments where the lens housing comprises aconductive material, the lens housing itself (or a portion thereof) maycomprise a portion of a conductive path that electrically connects theelectronic module to the compliant conductive element.

In some embodiments, the first device as described above comprisessemi-rimless, rimless, or fully rimmed spectacle frames. Exemplaryembodiments of some of these spectacle frames are described below withreference to the figures.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above thatincludes a lens having a first contact, a lens housing having a secondcontact, and a compliant conductive element disposed between, andelectrically connecting, the first and second contacts, the lensincludes a first groove, the lens housing includes a first cavity, andthe compliant conductive element comprises a first and a second portion.The first portion of the compliant conductive element may be disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens. This is shown, forexample in FIGS. 19 and 23-24. As used herein, “disposed within” mayrefer to a portion of the compliant conductive element being locatedsuch that the cavity of the lens housing or the groove of the lenssurrounds approximately three sides of the portion of the compliantconductive element. The second portion of the compliant conductiveelement may be disposed substantially within the first cavity of thelens housing. In this manner, the compliant conductive element maysupport the coupling of the lens and the lens housing, while at the sametime completing electrical connections with electrical contacts on thesurface of each of the lens and the lens housing.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the firstportion and the second portion of the compliant conductive element areconnected by a bridge. A “bridge” in this context refers to the materialthat is located between the first and second portions of the compliantconductive material. With reference to FIG. 20 for example, firstportions 2002 and 2003 are connected, respectively, to second portions2005 and 2006 by a “bridge.” The bridge in these exemplary embodimentshappens to comprise the same material as the first and second portions.However, the bridge may comprise any shape and any suitable material.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the first portion of thecompliant conductive element has a first shape that comprises any oneof: a triangle, a square, a circle, and a rectangle. In someembodiments, the second portion of the compliant conductive element hasa second shape that comprises any one of: a triangle, a square, acircle, and a rectangle. In general, it is preferred to choose the shapeand dimensions of the portions of the compliant conductive element so asto maximize the electrical contacts that the material can make on thesurfaces of the lens and/or the lens housing. In this regard, it may bebeneficial to choose shapes that maximize the surface area interfacewhen the conductive compliant element is compressed (usually a shapethat corresponds to the shape of either the lens housing cavity or thelens groove. However, embodiments are not so limited. Examples of shapesare provided in FIGS. 20( a)-(c). In some embodiments, the lens has afirst surface that is located within the first groove and at least apart of the first portion of the compliant conductive elementsubstantially conforms to the first surface of the first groove. The“first surface” may comprise as at least a portion of the outermostsurface of the groove of the lens. Again, this is typically the surfaceforms part of the conductive path with the compliant conductivematerial. In this regard, In some embodiments, the first surface of thelens is coated with a conductive paint so as to not only contacts thecompliant conductive material, but may also provide of an easier andbetter connection to the components of the electro-active lens.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the first groove of thelens has width approximately within the range of 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm and adepth approximately within the range of 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm. In someembodiments, the groove of the first lens has width of approximately 0.7mm and a depth of approximately 0.6 mm. As described below, the specificdimensions of the components may depend on the functionality of the lensand lens housing. However, generally it is desirable to have therelative dimensions between the width and of the height cavity, thegroove, and of the compliant conductive element to be relativelysimilar. This may permit the compliant conductive element to ser both astructural role (in coupling the lens and the lens housing, as well asserving as a protective layer of sorts between at lest a portion of thelens and the lens component. The dimensions of these components isdiscussed with reference to FIGS. 20 and 23

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the lens housing has afirst surface that is located within the first cavity. The “firstsurface” may comprise at least a portion of the outermost surface of thecavity of the lens housing. A part of the second portion of thecompliant conductive element may substantially conform to the firstsurface of the first cavity. Similar to the connections that thecompliant conductive material forms with the surface of the lens, thecompliant conductive element also forms contacts with portions of thelens housing. However, in some (but certainly not all) embodiments thecontacts formed with the lens housing are to embedded conductors thathave portions exposed and therefore, while beneficial, it may not be asnecessary for the compliant conductive material to conform to as much ofthe surface of the lens housing as it is to conform with the surface ofthe lens.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above where thefirst portion of the compliant conductive element is disposedsubstantially within the first groove of the lens, and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element is disposed substantiallywithin the first cavity of the lens housing, the compliant conductiveelement has an uncompressed height of at least the distance between thefirst surface of the first groove of the lens and the first surface ofthe first cavity of the lens housing. The “uncompressed height” of thecompliant conductive element is the height of the compliant conductiveelement when the material is not subject to an external stress. The“height” of the compliant conductive element may refer to the dimensionof the element that is substantially perpendicular to the lens housingand the lens. An example illustrating the uncompressed height is shownin FIG. 23( d). In some embodiments, the uncompressed height of thecompliant conductive element is at least 0.75 mm. In some embodiments,the uncompressed height of the compliant conductive element is at least1.45 mm. However, as noted above, the dimensions of the element may varybased on the other dimensions of the device. Generally, the greater theuncompressed height, the more surface covered (and more electricalconnections that can be made) by the compliant conductive element whenit is disposed between the lens and the lens housing. In this regard, insome embodiments, the first surface of the lens housing and the firstsurface of the lens compress at least a portion of the compliantconductive element when the lens housing and the lens are coupled. Inthis manner, the compliant conductive element can form electricalconnections, while also providing ancillary benefits to the device, suchas protecting the rigid components from damage from directly contactingone another.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, the lenscomprises a first surface, the lens housing comprises a first cavity,and the compliant conductive element comprises a first surface. Thecompliant conductive element is disposed substantially within the firstcavity of the lens housing, and the first surface of the compliantconductive element substantially conforms to the first surface of thelens. In some embodiments, the first surface of the lens comprises afirst and second beveled edge. A “beveled edge” may refer to aninclination that is cut into a lens that forms an angle, including anangle equal to 90 degrees. The lens usually comprises a beveled edge(rather than a groove) in embodiments comprising full rimed frames(rather than semi-rimless frames), where the lens may be coupled to thelens housing based on the portion of the lens being disposed inside acavity of the lens housing. In some embodiments, the first cavity has afirst width and the compliant conductive element has an uncompressedwidth that is greater than the first width of the cavity. The“uncompressed width” may refer to the width of the compliant conductiveelement when the rubber is not subject to external stress. This isillustrated in FIG. 23( e) and described below.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, where thecompliant conductive element is disposed substantially within a firstcavity of the lens housing, and where a first surface of the compliantconductive element substantially conforms to a first surface of thelens, the cavity of the lens housing has a top surface. A portion of thelens extends into the first cavity of the lens housing. The compliantconductive element has an uncompressed height that is approximatelyequal to or greater than a distance from the top surface of the cavityof the lens housing to the portion of the lens that extends into thefirst cavity. This concept is illustrated in FIG. 23( d). Generally, thecompliant conductive element preferably has a height such that when thelens is disposed in the cavity of the lens housing, a portion of thelens contacts, and thereby compresses the compliant conductive element.As noted above, it is generally beneficial to have a height that issubstantially greater than this minimum distance to provide more robustelectrical connections. The “top surface” may refer to the surface ofthe lens housing that is opposite the lens.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element comprises metal loaded silicon elastomers.In some embodiments, the metal comprises silver and aluminum (AG-Al).However, any material that has the physical properties described abovewith reference to the compliant conductive material may be used.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element has a volume resistivity that is less than10Ω-cm. In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element has a volume resistivity that less than1Ω-cm. The “volume resistivity” may refer to the electrical resistivity,resistivity, or specific electrical resistance. Generally, it ispreferable to have a low volume resistivity for a conductor becausethere will be less losses associated with the resistance. This may beparticularly important in some embodiments, as the compliant conductiveelement may be compressed, which may thereby increase the density, andconcurrently increase the resistivity of the element. Thus, it may beimportant in some embodiments to choose a material that has a lowresistivity, even when uncompressed such that its volume is decreased.

In some embodiments, in the first device as described above, thecompliant conductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer Ascale that is greater than 50. In some embodiments, the compliantconductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer A scale that isgreater than 65. The hardness of the element refers to its ability toconform to surfaces under pressure, as well as a materials generalmalleability. As noted above, in some embodiments, to form optimalconnections, the compliant conductive element conforms to the shape ofthe lens and/or lens housing surfaces. In some embodiments, thecompliant conductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer Ascale that approximate equal to 70 and a volume resistivity ofapproximately 0.0008Ω-cm.

Although described above with relation to a lens and a lens housing,embodiments are not so limited and may provide for the use of compliantconductive element between any two electrical contacts that may bedisposed on any component or components of a first device (e.g. anelectro-active frame).

It should be understood that, after reading the disclosure providedherein, a person of ordinary skill in the art may understand thatvarious combination of the devices described above may be made such thatsome or all of the features described with regards to one device may becombined with some or all of the features of another device.

Description of Figures Related to a Compliant Conductive Element andExemplary Embodiments

Provided below is a more detailed description of some of the figuresincluded herein that may relate to a compliant conductive element, aswell as descriptions of the exemplary embodiments disclosed. As noted,these exemplary devices are for illustration purposes and are notintended to be limiting.

With reference, to FIG. 14, an exemplary electro-active frame 1400 foruse with electro-active lenses and/or other electronic components isshown. The exemplary electro-active frame 1400 can comprise lens housing1404 (such as eye-wire) comprising any material such as, but not limitedto, a plastic (e.g., acetate). In some embodiments, the electro-activeframe 1400 can be made by a mold or other techniques, such as injectionmolding. Additionally, some embodiments may provide that theelectro-active frame 1400 can be made from one or more separately formedor fabricated pieces that are brought together (i.e. coupled) to form acomplete electro-active frame.

The compliant conductive element 1401 (such as, for example, aconductive rubber) may, in some embodiments, be used to conduct anelectronic signal from one side of the electro-active frame 1400 or lenshousing 1404 (or one component thereon) to another side of theelectro-active frame 1400 or lens housing 1404 (or another componentthereon, including a lens 1405). In some embodiments, the compliantconductive element 1401 may be encapsulated by (e.g. substantiallysurrounded by or embedded within) an insulator (such as the lens housing1404 that comprises a plastic material). In some embodiments, thecompliant conductive element 1401 may be positioned (e.g. disposed)inside the electro-active frame 1400 (or the lens housing 1404) as theelectro-active frame 1400 is being fabricated (such as, for instance,during a molding process or an injection molding process). In someembodiments, the compliant conductive element 1401 may also bepositioned inside cavities of the lens housing 1404 after the lenshousing 1404 has been fabricated. This will be described in more detailbelow with reference to FIGS. 18-25. In some embodiments, the compliantconductive element 1401 may be positioned between two frame halves (orbetween a plurality of portions of the electro-active lens frame) thatare subsequently brought together and sealed.

In some embodiments, the compliant conductive element 1401 may bepositioned in or near the nose bridge 1403 to provide connectivity froma first side of the electro-active frame 1400 (and/or lens housing 1404)to a second side of the electro-active frame 1400 (and/or lens housing1404). The use of such material in the bridge 1403 may permit the nosebridge in such embodiments to be relatively small, which could provide amore aesthetically pleasing frame appearance. These embodiments may alsobe combined, for instance, with a single electronics module located onone of the temples that provides electronic signals and/or current toboth a first lens and a second lens 1405 (that is, the conductivecompliant material 1401 may provide a conductive path from a first partof the lens housing 1404 comprising a first lens 1405 to a second partof the lens housing 1404 comprising a second lens 1405). In someembodiments, the compliant conductive element 1401 may be positioned onthe back side of the electro-active frame 1400 (and/or lens housing1404) (e.g. on the side facing the wearer's head) or buried within(e.g., embedded within) the electro-active frame 1400 (and/or lenshousing 1404).

Continuing with reference to FIG. 14, at the hinges 1402 of theelectro-active frame 1400, the compliant conductive element 1401 mayform one or more electrical contacts with a temple (and/or componentsdisposed thereon) of the electro-active frame 1400. That is, thecompliant conductive material 1401 may form a portion of a conductivepath by providing electrical connections at or near the hinge 1402 withconductors disposed on (or coupled to) the temple of the electro-activeframe 1400. In some embodiments, the hinge 1402 itself may comprise aconductive material and may electrically connect to the compliantconductive element 1401 and a conductor coupled to the temple. In someembodiments, the hinge 1402 may comprise the same material as thecompliant conductive element 1401.

With reference to FIG. 15, an assembled exemplary electro-active frame1400 comprising compliant conductive element 1401 disposed within thelens housing 1404 is shown. When positioned (e.g. disposed) within theelectro-active frame 1400 (and as shown, in lens housing 1404), thecompliant conductive element 1401 need not be visible (e.g., at least aportion of the compliant conductive element 1401 may be disposed orpositioned in the lens housing 1404 (e.g. the eye wire) of a fullyrimmed or semi-rimless frame). Indeed, it may be preferred in someembodiments that the compliant conductive element 1401 is not visiblefor aesthetic reasons. In addition, embodiments comprising the compliantconductive element 1401 partially or completely embedded within one ormore of the frame components may both provide electrical connections andalso result in better protection for the conductive path created therebyfrom exterior forces and stresses, (for instance, the components may beless susceptible to short circuits and/or external electrical voltagesand currents).

FIGS. 14 and 15 disclose an exemplary embodiment whereby the compliantconductive element 1401 comprises four separate conductive paths (i.e.two on the left side of the lens housing 1404 and two on the right sideof the lens housing 1404). This may provide two separate conductivepaths (and two electrical contacts) to each of the lenses 1405. In thismanner, embodiments may make available the necessary electricalconnections to provide power and or control signals to electro-activelenses 1405 or other components disposed on the lens housing 1404. Inaddition, in embodiments where the compliant conductive element 1401 (orother conductor) is also located in the bridge 1403, the lens housing1404 may comprise two conductive paths—a first that electricallyconnects to a first electrical contact on each of the lenses 1405, and asecond conductive path that is electrically isolated from the firstconductive path and that electrically connects to a second electricalcontact of each of the lenses 1405. Similar embodiments were discussedwith reference to Single Electronics Module embodiments disclosed above.

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate the assembly of a portion of anelectro-active frame that may comprise a compliant conductive element1601. The exemplary components as shown are similar to those discussedwith reference to FIGS. 3-10. Specifically, the components as shown forthe exemplary electro-active frame include: A compliant conductiveelement 1601, which may be coupled to or disposed within the temple 1602so as to provide a portion of a conductive path from one component toanother. As shown, the compliant conductive element 1601 may, forinstance, provide a conductive path from the temple end (which maycomprise, e.g., a power source) to the electronics module 1605. Anelectronics module housing 1603 (which may comprise a metal box) isshown, which may house the electronics module 1605 and be coupled to thetemple 1602. In some embodiments, the electronics module housing 1603may comprise a portion of the temple 1602. A switch 1604 (such as acapacitance or “cap” switch) is shown, which may be coupled to theelectronics module 1605 and/or the electronics module housing 1603 toprovide a switch or control for the electronics module 1605. Forinstance, and as shown in FIG. 16, the electronics module housing 1603may have an opening that may allow a wearer to interact with switch 1604so as to turn a function on or off, or to otherwise vary the functionsprovided by an electro-active spectacle. The electronics module 1605,the switch 1604, and the electronics module housing 1603 may be coupledusing any suitable manner, including one or more screws as shown in FIG.16. One or more conductors 1606 may also be included to provide one ormore electrical contacts (e.g. conductive paths) from the electronicsmodule 1605 to the lens housing. The conductors 1606 could, forinstance, electrically connect to the one or more conductive pathsprovided by compliant conductive element 1401 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.A hinge 1607 is also shown, which may be coupled to the temple 1602 or acomponent thereof (such as the electronics module housing 1603) and alsoto the lens housing. The hinge 1607 may provide the capability for eachof these components to move relative to the other while remainingcoupled. In some embodiments, the hinge 1607 may comprise one or moreconductors, or may itself comprise conductive material so as to form aconductive path or portion thereof

FIG. 17 illustrates the components shown in FIG. 16 coupled together inan exemplary embodiment. As can be seen, the conductive compliantelement 1601 is no longer visible as it is embedded within the temple1602. Similarly, the electronics module 1605 is housed within theelectronics module housing 1603 and covered (and likely coupled to) onone side by the switch 1604. The hinge 1607 is coupled to theelectronics module housing 1603. The conductors 1606 may be embeddedsubstantially within portions of the hinge 1607 and/or electronicsmodule housing 1603 so as to form a portion of a conductive path betweenthe electronics module 1604 and the lens housing.

With reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, exemplary embodiments of semi-rimlessspectacle frame designs will be described. It should be noted thatalthough many of these concepts will be described therefore in thecontext of semi-rimless frames, many of the features and principles mayalso be used with (or applicable to) other frames, such as full rimmedand rimless. Moreover, these embodiments are for illustration purposes,and are thereby not intended to be limiting.

FIGS. 18 (a) and (b) illustrate a typical exemplary semi-rimless frame1800. FIG. 18( a) shows a frontal view of the semi-rimless lenses, andFIG. 18( b) shows the cross-section from the points X to X′ of theelectro-active frames 1800. As shown, the lenses 1803 are supportedalong their upper edge by a rigid portion of the frame 1802 (e.g.eye-wire, which may comprise a material such as metal) and supportedalong their lower edge by a section of clear plastic monofilament 1804(typically nylon) that is connected to the rigid upper portion 1802 ofthe lens housing. The monofilament 1804 is shown as being disposedwithin a groove 1807 in the edge of the lens 1803. The length of themonofilament 1804 may be such that it is under tension when the lens1803 is mounted in the frame and may thereby hold the lens in place.

With reference to FIG. 18( b), a close-up of the cross section X-X′ ofFIG. 18( a) is shown so as to better illustrate an exemplary means bywhich the lens may be secured in a semi-rimless frame. As shown in thisexemplary embodiment, the eye-wire 1802 may contain a cavity 1805 thatsecures a portion of an extrusion of a semi-rigid plastic 1801(typically nylon) with a “figure-8” cross section. The remaining portionof the extrusion 1801 is disposed in the groove of the lens 1806 andkeeps the lens 1803 from moving back and forth. In those portions of theouter surface of the lens 1803 that do not come into contact with the“figure-8” extrusion 1801 (e.g. along groove 1807), the nylonmonofilament 1804 may essentially take the place of the extrusion 1801as shown in this exemplary embodiment. As the monofilament 1804 may becolorless and may be disposed completely (or substantially) within thelens groove 1807, it may be nearly invisible except under closeinspection.

It should be noted that construction of an electro-active capablesemi-rimless frame design has been disclosed by the inventors in U.S.Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0177277 A1. Embodiments of frames disclosed thereinmay be similar in appearance to the exemplary embodiment of a frameshown in FIG. 18( b). Some of the differences that may enable theelectro-active functionality of the frames disclosed therein may berelated to the particular details of how the frame is constructed andthe use of other novel conductive structures, which are described indetail in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0177277 A1, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIGS. 19( a) and (b) illustrate a comparison between an exemplarysemi-rimless frame that is not electro-active, and an exemplaryembodiment of an electro-active frame comprising electro-active lenses1913. That is, FIG. 19( a) shows a cross-section of a conventionalsemi-rimless frame, while FIG. 19( b) illustrates a cross section of aframe that is essentially the electro-active counterpart of the frameshown in FIG. 19( a). In both FIGS. 19( a) and 19(b), a monofilament1904 is used along the lower portion of the lens (1903 or 1913) disposedwithin groove 1907 so as to keep the lens (1903 or 1913) secure withinthe frame. In some embodiments of the electro-active frame shown in FIG.19( b), the eye-wire 1902 may be made of an electrically conductivematerial. However, this need not be the case, as a conductive path maybe established within the eye-wire 1902 (and/or other components of thelens housing) using any suitable method, such as by, for instance,embedding a conductor within a non-conductive material. During themanufacturing process, in embodiments where the eye-wire 1902 comprisesa conductive material, care may be taken to ensure that no coatings orfinishes are applied to the inside of the eye-wire 1902 such that anelectrically conductive surface is maintained (e.g. within the cavity1905).

With reference to FIG. 19( b), in some embodiments (and for the purposesof illustration only), an electro-active lens may comprise an interface1908 between two substrates that contains internal electrodes foractivating the lens 1913. This has been previously described by theinventors, such as in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0177277 A1, which ishereby incorporated by reference. However, as noted above, embodimentsare not so limited and the methods, devices, and means disclosed hereinmay have applicability to any electro-active frame and/or componentstherein (e.g. any type of electro-active lens). During an exemplarymanufacturing process comprising edging the exemplary electro-activelens 1913, the groove 1906 may be placed such that it straddles thisinterface 1908 (which may, for example, comprise a liquid crystal layerbetween two electrodes).

Continuing with the exemplary manufacturing process, the lens 1913 maybe edged and grooved, and one or more electrically conductive inks orpaints 1909 may be applied to the locations where the electrodes areexposed within the groove 1906. The inks and paints may be used so as toprovide a conductive path to the electrodes of the lens 1913 withoutsubstantially impairing the visual properties of the lens 1913, or beingvisible by an observer. In some embodiments, the groove 1906 may bebetween 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm wide (i.e. the horizontal distance shown inFIG. 19( b)) and between 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm deep (i.e. the verticaldistance in FIG. 19( b)). The inventors have found that, in someembodiments, it may be preferred that the groove 1906 may beapproximately 0.7 mm wide and 0.6 mm deep. Generally, the groove shouldbe such that the extrusion or other material 1911 (or a portion thereof)may be disposed within the groove and assist in coupling the lens to thelens housing. However, it is generally not preferred that the groove betoo large, as it may become visible and affect the aesthetics of thedevice.

In some embodiments comprising an electro-active lens, to provide a lens1913 that functions properly, a conductive pathway is made between theinner surface of the eye-wire 1902 and the conductive paint 1909 appliedto the groove 1906 of the lens 1913 (i.e. the surface of the lens 1913that comprises the groove 1906). This may be accomplished with the useof a compliant conductive element 1911. The compliant conductive elementmay be a physically compliant yet electrically conductive material thatmay, in some embodiments, be extruded in a shape that fits substantiallywithin the eye-wire 1902 and the groove 1906 of the lens 1913. Such adesign may provide some or all of the advantages that were detailedabove, including providing a conductive path between the lens housingand the lens, providing structural support for the device, preventing orminimizing damage to the rigid surfaces of the lens 1913 and lenshousing 1902, etc.

As was described above, the compliant conductive element may take anyshape and have any suitable dimensions. In this regard, FIG. 20 (a)shows a cross section of an exemplary conventional extrusion (i.e.non-conductive) 2000 and its exemplary dimensions (in mm), while Figs.(b) and (c) show a cross section and dimensions (in mm) of two exemplarycompliant conductive elements 2010 that may be used, for instance, insemi-rimless electro-active frames. FIG. 20( a) discloses a typical“figure 8” shape of a non-conducive element 2000, while FIGS. 20( b) and(c) disclose shapes that vary slightly from the non-conductivecomponent. The upper portions (i.e. first portions) 2001, 2002, and 2003of each of these elements are similar, as they may each, for example, bedesigned to fit within the same lens frame component (e.g. an eye-wire).As depicted, each of the compliant conductive elements 2010 have adifferent shaped lower portion (i.e. second portion) 2005 and 2006 fromthat of the non-conductive extrusion lower portion 2004. This may be dueto the fact that the compliant conductive elements 2010 may be designedto come into contact with the conductive painted regions within the lensgroove, and form electrical connections thereto.

As can also be seen in FIGS. 20 (a), (b), and (c), as depicted, theoverall vertical dimensions of the conductive compliant elements 2010are larger than the traditional non-conductive “figure 8” extrusion2000. This may be done in some embodiments to ensure that when the lensis mounted in the frame (i.e. within the cavity of the frame) the bottomof the lens groove comes into contact with the bottom (i.e. secondportion) 2005 and 2006 of the compliant conductive elements, such thatthe lens may compress it slightly. With the compliant conductive element2010 under compression, it will likely maintain the physical (and henceelectrical) connection between the lens, the compliant conductiveelement 2010, and eye-wire at substantially all times, particularly asthe frame flexes during donning and doffing the eye wear.

One of the important dimensions to ensure compression of the conductivecompliant element is the “height,” of the second portion of theconductive compliant element, which is shown as 0.75 mm for one of thecompliant conductive elements 2010 by way of example only. The totalheight of this exemplary compliant conductive element is shown as 1.45mm (0.75 mm+0.7 mm). As noted, the compliant conductive element 2010could be made available in different heights to, for example,accommodate variations in lens processing (lens size and groove depth).While the design of the compliant conductive elements 2010 in FIG. 20(c) will likely function to form an electrical contact with portions ofthe surface of the lens (based on the height as shown), the width(horizontal dimension) is shown as not being optimized for the exemplarywidth of the groove of the lens and therefore its performance inconducting electricity may not be ideal. That is, the width of thebottom portion 2006 shown in FIG. 20( c) is not as wide as the groove inthe lens. In contrast, the compliant conductive element 2010 in FIG. 20(b) is depicted as having a width that has been optimized—i.e. the widthis larger, making it more likely that this configuration will make morerobust electrical contacts. It should be noted that compliant conductiveelement 2010 made to the exact (or similar) shape as the “figure 8”design used for the non-conductive extrusion 2000 are, in someembodiments, the least preferred design as there may be no means toguarantee that the conductive compliant element 2010 will be compressedagainst the edge of the lens and hence provide a robust electricalconnection.

It should be understood that the dimensions provided on FIGS. 20( a)-(c)are provided for illustration only, and are by no means limiting.Indeed, the dimensions of these components may vary based on thedimensions of the lens (and the lens groove) and the lens housing (andany cavity provided therein).

In general, from the standpoint of aesthetics, the electro-activesemi-rimless frame design is may be particularly useful. For instance,through the use of appliques, facades and various lens shapes the basicsemi-rimless frame shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Pub. No.2010/0177277 A1 can take on the look of many different styles whileretaining its electro-active functionality.

Exemplary Embodiments Related to Full Rim Spectacle Frame Deigns

A typical full rim plastic frame (also referred to as zyl or acetate)known to those skilled in the art is shown in FIG. 21, where the lenses2101 are supported along their entire circumference by a rigid plasticframe 2102. While an electro-active capable plastic frame was discussedwith reference to FIGS. 14-17, additional embodiments are shown withreference to FIG. 22. As shown in FIG. 22, a physically continuousconductive pathway (e.g. an embedded conductor, such as a wire) is usedto apply the driving voltage (e.g. the waveform) to the lenses and routesynchronization signals from the master 2207 to the slave module 2208.That is, for instance as shown in FIG. 22, the embedded conductor 2201may provide a conductive path across the lens housing from the masterelectronics module 2207 to the slave electronics module 2208. As notedabove, embodiments that utilize a single electronics may also be used.Furthermore, FIG. 22 also shows openings in the metal casings 2206 thatmay hold modules or other components that allow the electronics modules2207 and 2208 to be charged inductively. This may be beneficial in thatsuch embodiments may provide power without the use of batteries (or maysupplement the use of batteries to provide longer lifetime).

Continuing with reference to the embodiments shown in FIG. 22, a topconductor 2201 is shown embedded within the lens housing (that maycomprise, e.g. acetate) and may carry a driving electronic signal fromthe right lens to the left lens. In addition, in some embodiments, theembedded conductor 2201 may also carry the power signal between the twolenses so as to synchronize the functionality between both lenses.Embedded conductor 2202 may carry the reference electronic signal to thelenses (e.g. ground). FIG. 22 also designates locations 2203 wherespecial square (or any other appropriate shape) beveling into the lenshousing (e.g. into the acetate frame front) may occur so as to (1)expose portions of the embedded conductors 2201 and 2202; (2) embedcompliant conductive material; and/or (3) allow for an electricalconnection between the exposed portions of the embedded conductors 2201and 2202 to the compliant conductive element. That is, in the exemplaryembodiment, the portions designated by 2203 may be the locations inwhich the conductive compliant material may be disposed within the lenshousing, and where the conductive path from the lens housing to the lensmay be created. FIG. 22 also indicates where the use of conductors 2204(such as pogo pins) may be located so as to provide a conductive pathfrom the temple to the lens housing (e.g. to the embedded conductors2201 and 2202). FIG. 22 also shows an exemplary location of a hinge 2205to couple the temple to the lens housing.

With initial reference to FIG. 21, FIG. 23 shows a cross section view ofthe sections X-X′ and Y-Y′ for a conventional full rim design (FIG. 23(a)) and of an exemplary electro-active full rim design comprising acompliant conductive element (FIGS. 23( b)-(e)).

As noted, FIG. 23( a) shows the cross-section X-X′ of a conventionalfull rim (i.e. non-conductive) plastic frame with a lens 2302 possessinga beveled edge that sits (L e. is disposed) within a similarly beveledregion of an eye wire 2301. That is, the lens 2302 is designed to have atop surface that substantially matches a bottom surface of the lenshousing (i.e. the eye rim). This is one way in which traditional lensdesign coupled the lens to the lens housing.

FIG. 23( b) shows the section X-X′ of an electro-active capable plasticframe in a region where no electrical contact is required. The basicconstruction is similar to that of the conventional frame design exceptthat there is an embedded conductive pathway 2304 (e.g. metal wire orsimilar). As the conductive pathway 2304 is completely encased withinthe insulating material of the eye wire 2301 at this location, there isno electrical contact between the lens 2302 and lens housing 2301 (or aconductive path 2304 embedded therein).

FIG. 23( c) shows the section Y-Y′ of an electro-active capable plasticframe in a region where electrical contact between lens housing 2301 andlens 2302 is required. In this region a square cavity 2305 is machinedinto the eye-wire 2301 that exposes the embedded conductive pathway 2304(e.g. metal wire or similar). The cavity 2305 may also accept acompliant conductive element 2307 that may, in some embodiments, beextruded or otherwise configured into a rectangular shape. As also shownin FIG. 23( c), the top surface of the lens 2302 may be configured to bedisposed within a portion of the cavity 2305 as well.

FIG. 23( d) shows the cavity 2305 and the compliant conductive element2307 in detail. As with the semi-rimless electro-active frame, it may bedesirable to have the edge of the lens 2302 that is coated with theconductive paint 2306 come into physical contact with the compliantconductive element 2307 and compress it (as shown by compression region2308) before the remainder of the circumference (i.e. the top surface)of the lens 2302 comes into contact with the conventionally beveledsections of the eye-wire 2301 (e.g. in the section defined by X-X′ inFIG. 21, where no electrical contacts are made). As described above,with the compliant conductive element 2307 under compression (i.e. basedon the force applied by the surface in the cavity 2305 of the lenshousing 2301 and the top surface of the lens 2302), it will maintain thephysical (and hence electrical) connection between the lens 2302,complaint conductive element 2307, and conductive pathway 2304, even asthe frame flexes during donning and doffing the eye wear.

The dimensions of the compliant conductive element 2307 are generallydetermined by the dimensions of the cavity 2305 and the position of thecavity 2305 relative to the conventional lens bevel. The minimum height(H_(min)) of compliant conductive element 2307 may be the distancebetween the apex of the conventional lens bevel 2306 and the bottom ofthe cavity 2305 as shown in FIG. 23( d). Generally, as values of theuncompressed height (H_(uncompressed)) increase above H_(min), the morerobust the electrical connection between the compliant conductiveelement 2307, the lens 2302, and the lens housing 2301 (and/or theembedded conductive pathway 2304). Maximum values of the height H may bedetermined empirically based on how compressible the compliantconductive element material is such that lens 2302 (or a portionthereof) can still be mounted into the lens housing 2301 using methodsknown in the art. That is, the maximum height may be the height at whichthe compliant conductive element 2307 will still compress sufficientlythat the lens 2302 is adequately disposed within the cavity 2305 andthereby coupled to the lens housing 2301.

With reference to FIG. 23( e), the width of the conductive compliantelement 2307 is preferably a small amount (δ) larger than the width ofthe groove W such that the compliant conductive element 2307, onceinserted into the cavity 2305, remains in place without the need foradhesives while the lens 2302 is mounted. The inventors have found thata δ value within the range of approximately 1 mm to 0.5 mm was preferredand functioned well for this purpose. In an exemplary embodiment, arectangular compliant conductive element approximately 2.1 mm wide (fora 2.0 mm wide cavity) and 1.2 mm tall enabled a robust electricalconnection between lens 2302 and a lens housing with a δ value ofapproximately 0.1 mm (100 μm).

Exemplary Embodiments Comprising Full Rim Metal Spectacle Frame Designs

As noted above, the specific embodiments discussed herein are exemplaryonly, and other embodiments may exist that utilize the same or similarprinciples. For instance, in some embodiments, it may be desirable tohave an electro-active capable frame with a full metal rim manufacturedfrom a conductive material. A cross section for such a frame is shown inFIG. 24. In this exemplary embodiment, the eye-wire 2401 contains asquare cavity 2402 to which preferably no coatings or finishes have beenapplied such that the conductive surface of the eye-wire 2402 materialis easily contacted. Into the cavity 2402 another conductive compliantmaterial 2403 may be mounted (e.g. disposed within) that may make theelectrical connection between the lens 2404 and frame (e.g. the lenshousing 2401). In areas where the electrical connection need not bemade, then the compliant conductive element 2403 may be omitted and theedges of the square cavity 2402 in the eye-wire 2401 support the bevelof the electro-active lens 2404. In other embodiments the conductivecompliant element 2403 may be mounted (i.e. disposed within) in allparts of the eye-wire cavity 2402 and only those areas of the lens 2404to which conductive paint is applied make electrical contact. The shapeof the conductive compliant element may be any shape, includingrectangular (similar to the exemplary embodiments described above withrespect to the exemplary full-rim plastic rim) or embodiments may have aslight bevel. The conductive compliant element 2405 shown with theslight bevel in FIG. 24 may also be suitable for full rim plastic framesin other embodiments.

As with the previously described frame designs, it is preferred to havethe edge of the lens that is coated with the conductive paint come intophysical contact with the compliant conductive material and compress itbefore the remainder of the circumference of the lens comes into contactwith the remainder of the eye-wire. As described above, with thecompliant conductive element under compression, it will maintain thephysical and hence electrical connection between lens, compliantconductive element, and lens housing (e.g. conductive pathway),particularly as the frame flexes during donning and doffing the eyewear.

FIG. 25 illustrates an exemplary embodiment comprising a conductivecompliant element 2501 providing a conductive path from the lens housing2500 to an electro-active lens 2507. The illustration on the left ofFIG. 25 shows a close up of an exemplary electro-active frame. The framecomprises a lens housing 2500 that could, for instance comprise anon-conductive material such as a plastic (e.g. acetate). Embeddedwithin the lens housing 2500 is a conductor 2503. As shown in thisexemplary embodiment, conductor 2503 is electrically connected to thetemple at 2506, which could for instance comprise another conductor,such as a pogo pin. Conductor 2503 is also connected to compliantconductive element 2501 in cavity 2502 (for instance, the conductor 2503may be exposed at some portions along the cavity 2502. As shown,conductive compliant material 2501 is located within a portion of cavity2502. A second conductive path is also shown, comprising a secondembedded conductor 2504, which also connects to a compliant conductiveelement 2501 disposed within a cavity 2502 in the lens housing 2500. Thesecond embedded conductors 2504 electrically connects to a temple at apoint 2506. Thus, as shown, FIG. 25 illustrates an electro-active framethat comprises two separate conductive paths from a temple to the lens2507 via compliant conductive elements 2501. In portions of the lenshousing 2500 where the conductive compliant element 2501 is not located,the lens housing 2500 comprises a cavity 2508 that may be of atraditional shape (e.g. not square) in which a portion of the lens 2507(e.g. a beveled edge) may be disposed within. A hinge 2505 that couplesa temple to the lens housing 2500 is shown as well.

On the right of FIG. 25 are shown closes up of the cross sections shownas A-A and B-B on the illustration on the left of FIG. 25. As shown, insection A-A, an electrical connection is formed between conductor 2503,compliant conductive element 2501, and lens 2507. The cavity 2502 isshown as comprising a rectangular shape, and the compliant conductiveelement 2501 is shown as having dimensions such that it is substantiallydisposed within the cavity 2501 (dimensions in mm). At location B-B,there is no electrical contact made as the electro-active frame does notcomprise a compliant conductive element 2501 in this location. Thecavity 2508 is shown in this section, and the lens housing 2500 is shownas encapsulating the conductor 2503 such that no contact is made withthe lens at this location. The last illustration is a cross sectionshowing an overlap of the sections A-A and B-B, where the differentbetween cavity 2508 and 2502 (comprising conductive element 2501) can beseen.

Material Composition of the Conductive Complaint Element and Inks

As discussed above, the conductive compliant element, regardless of theframe design, may, for example, comprise a physically compliant yetelectrically conductive material that is extruded or otherwise moldedinto a shape that conforms to both the frame and lens for the purpose offorming an electrically conductive path (i.e. bridge) between lens andframe. While many different classes of material are suitable, goodresults have been obtained by the inventors when metal loaded siliconeelastomers are used with volume resistivities of less than 10Ω-cm andpreferred results are obtained with volume resistivities of less than1Ω-cm. It has also been found that a material having values greater than50 on the shore durometer A scale are suitable, but that values greaterthan 65 are preferred. The inventors have achieved good results withextruded silver and aluminum (Ag—Al) loaded silicone elastomer with avolume resistivity of 0.008Ω-cm and a Shore A hardness of 70. However,embodiments are not so limited.

While such materials are typically manufactured to final shape prior toassembly into the electro-active frames, in certain embodiments, it mayalso be possible to apply uncured material in liquid or gel formimmediately prior to assembling the eye wear such that upon cure thematerial conforms to both the lens and frame (e.g. the lens housing)simultaneously and thus forms an electrically conductive path (e.g.bridge) in that manner. This may be preferred in some embodiments, asthe compliant conductive material may thereby contact the greatestamount of the surface of both the lens and the lens housing, and maythereby maximize the electrical connections thereon.

In some emobdiments comprising an electro-active lens, the conductivepaint(s) or ink(s) applied to the edge of the lens to establish anelectrical connection may be dependent upon the conductive materialsused to make the internal electrodes of the lens itself. As theseelectrodes will typically be in the line of sight to both the wearer andviewer of the lenses, it is preferred to have a transparent conductivematerial such as ITO ink mixture X-806CN27S which is commerciallyavailable from Sumitomo Metal Mining of Japan, by way of example only.For lenses manufactured with this ink formulation, once edged andgrooved, an additional amount of the X-806CN27S may be applied to theedge of the lens and cured. To establish a more robust electricalconnection, a second conductive ink or paint may be applied over thecured X-806CN27S. While many conductive metal inks (silver and/or nickelbased) are available, conductive carbon based inks are preferred forcosmetic reasons. Carbon based conductive inks are preferred as they donot oxidize (i.e. change color) with age and are not as bright inappearance as metal based inks. By way of example only, a conductivecarbon ink such as mixture 122-49, commercially available from CreativeMaterials Incorporated may be preferred.

Spectacle Lens Frame Electronics

As noted above, electro-active spectacles and frames may comprise anysuitable electronic components. That is, for instance, exemplaryspectacle frames such those describe above, or any other electro-activespectacles such as, for instance, those described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/684,490, filed Jan. 8, 2010 and entitled“ELECTRO-ACTIVE SPECTACLES AND ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICS” (incorporated byreference herein in its entirety) can comprise electronic components toprovide a variety of functions, such as, for example, control ofelectro-active lenses. Additional exemplary functions (and components toaccomplish the functions) are described below.

These components, whether alone or in some combination, can be builtinto or otherwise coupled to the spectacle lens frame or lenses and/orbe located remotely and be in communication with components on theelectro-active spectacle frame or lens. Some of the components may becontrolled by the wearer. Moreover, each of the components describedbelow may be located on electro-active frames that comprise some or allof the features described above. Furthermore, the components (includingthe electrical components referenced) and descriptions provided hereinare exemplary, and many variations and combinations of these featuresmay be included.

Fall Detector Module:

A fall detector module may be used by seniors or other individuals todetermine if a fall has occurred. This may comprise an accelerometer orother motion sensor coupled to the electro-active spectacles worn byuser. If a fall is detected, it can trigger an alarm system in a house,an alarm can be sent to preset phone numbers (e.g., 911) or e-mailaddresses. Electrical components located on the electro-activespectacles can also enable a manual call to a preset phone or e-mailaddress with, for example, a finger touch to the temple or press buttonlocated somewhere on the electro-active spectacles (e.g., alarmtrigger).

A fall detector module may comprise a small electronic module coupled toor disposed within the frame that can contain a fall sensor (e.g., anaccelerometer) and may also comprise a small transmitter. In someembodiments, a modified cell phone or a number of signal relay devicespreset in the house can detect the alarm signal from the module, andsend a series of emergency information (e.g. test message, e-mail, phonecall, etc) via an existing network (e.g. internet, cell phone, or customnetwork) to individuals or health care institutes. In some embodiments,the device can use an ITO patterned layer (or other transparent ortranslucent materials) of electro-active lenses as an antenna.

Step Counter and Timer Module:

A step counter and timer module may, in some embodiments, count thenumber of steps by a wearer (e.g. for jogger). This can be used todetermine distance traveled, time, pace, or any other relevantinformation. In some embodiments, this may be displayed to a user via aheads-up display in the lenses of the electro-active lenses. The modulemay also comprise one button (or touch) to reset or display the resulton a small LCD housed on the frame. In some embodiments, the componentsof the module may include motion detection/distance detection system anddisplay system.

Drowsiness Detector and Alarm Module:

A drowsiness detector and alarm module may, for instance, be used forlong distance drivers to determine their level of alertness and theirability to operate a motor vehicle or other heavy machinery safely. Themodule may, for example, detect sudden head motion and trigger an alarmwhen a pre-defined sudden motion is detected.

Some exemplary components of such a module may include a motion sensorthat can trigger an audible or visible alarm. The alarm may, in someembodiments, be included in the electro-active spectacle frame. Forexample, in some embodiments, the motion sensor may, similar to the falldetector module discussed above, relay an alarm signal to a remote alarmas well.

Timer as Taking Pill Reminder Module:

A timer as taking pill reminder module may, for example, using audio(for user to hear) or an LED (for others to see), remind user or otherindividuals to take medication. However, it should be understood that amodule comprising a timer and an alarm (that may be set by a user forany purpose) may also be included. The module may, for example, comprisecomponents that can include a timer and a visible or audible alarm.

UV Light Monitor Module:

A UV light monitor module may, for example, be utilized for outdooractivities to determine the risk associated with harmful UV rays andalert the user to this risk. For example, a sensor may be provided onthe frame that can detector the UV intensity of light. The module mayfurther comprise a display to show the result using an LED indicator orother display (e.g., LCD) or a heads up display in the lenses of theelectro-active spectacles. When UV intensity passes a certainpredetermined limit, for example, a visible or audio indicator (e.g., anLED or audible beeper) may provide a warning signal. The module maycomprise any suitable electronic components can include a UV sensor anddisplay system.

Emergency Wireless Call Module:

An emergency wireless call module may, for example, be used by seniorsor other individuals to alert authorities as to an emergency. The modulemay utilize a preset a phone number, e-mail address, or other device orcommunication medium to send out to signal related to an emergency. Themodule may be activated, for instance, with a finger touch to the templeor press button. The module may be combined for instance, with a GPS orother position locator to identify the location of the individual and/orthe emergency. The module may comprise a signal processing path andcomponents similar for connecting to outside network as those describedwith reference to the fall detector module, or any other suitablecomponents.

Directional Hearing Aids Module:

The electro-active spectacles may comprise hearing aids or otherauditory assistance devices coupled to the frame. For instance, a singlepower source may power both devices, however this need not be the case.

Pulse and Partial Oxygen Concentration (PO2) Monitor Module:

A pulse and partial oxygen concentration (PO2) monitor module may, forexample, comprise a small electro-optical sensor or acoustic sensor thatcan be placed at the area near the ear of the user, or other suitablelocation to detect hear rate and other vital signs. The electro-opticalsensor (or other similar device) may also be capable of measuring theblood oxygen level. The module may also comprise components fordisplaying the results of the vital statistics that were measured, suchan LCD display or in a head-up display in the lenses. The module mayprogrammed or configured to trigger alarm if abnormal readings arefound. Other components may be similar to the fall detector describedabove for alerting emergency services or other individuals.

RFID Monitor Module:

A RFID monitor module (or other near field communication device such asBluetooth®, etc.) may comprise, for example, an antenna that canembedded in the lenses or elsewhere in the frame. The module may becoupled to the frame, such as be inserting the module into a portion ofthe frame can contain other electronics (such as the electronicsmodule). In some embodiments, the “working mode” can be passive oractive. The module may be sued for any suitable purpose, such as forsecurity, to make payments, to identify individuals etc. The module maybe used by a locator.

Flash Memory Card Module:

A flash memory module may be included with the electrical components ofthe electro active spectacles. For example, a personal computer or othercommunication device may read or write to the module contained, forinstance in the temple containing the flash memory. This may be done, insome embodiments, wirelessly by a device (which may be custom), orthrough an USB port.

Digital Watch and Alarm:

The electro-active spectacles may comprise a digital watch and or alarmto maintain the current time and alert an individual of a pre set time.This module may comprise, for example, a press button to display thetime and or a press button to set alarm.

Electronic Eyewear Repairing Kits:

In some embodiments, the electro-active spectacles may comprise a toolbox for immediate eyeglass maintenance. This may, for instance, storesuch components as conductive rubber strips, conductive glue dispenser,screws, screw driver, etc.

Voice Recorder Module:

A voice recorder module may also be included in some embodiments ofelectro-active spectacles. This may comprise, for instance, a pushbutton to activate voice recording function. A recorded voice may beread by a wireless reader and played on a speaker, or any other suitableplayback mode.

Battery Pack:

In some embodiments, an extra battery pack may be included in theelectro-active spectacles. The extra power can be stored, for instance,as a backup power for the lens drive module.

Spy Video or Still Picture Recorder:

In some embodiments, the electro-active spectacles may comprise aminiature video camera (e.g., a pin hole camera) or other recordingdevices and associate equipment.

Thermometer

In some embodiments, the electro-active spectacles may comprise adigital thermometer to measure and display the temperature of theenvironment.

Remote Controller

In some embodiments, the electro-active spectacles may include acontroller for other devices (e.g. a garage door, a car, etc), by touchor pressing the side of the temple in certain predefined finger moves,very convenient for seniors. A similar to the signal path and componentsdescribed in fall monitor above may be utilized for this component.

Data Collection Unit

A data collection unit may be used by a user and located on theelectro-active spectacles. Data that can be collected can include the onand off angles when the eyeglass are controlled manually, the timeinterval between two sequential battery charges, the wearer's behavioror physical date, such as daily calorie burning rate, real time pulse,skin moisture, daily UV exposure, etc. Data can be wirelesslytransferred to a device with high computation power in-real time, orstored in the memory residing in the module and transferred after datacollection. The receiving device can use artificial intelligence toanalyze the data for specific applications, such as to train thesoftware to reset the personalized control parameter, or provides somerecommendations for wearer's daily activity.

In some embodiments, the data collection unit can be a unit separatefrom the frame/lens electronics that can be used to capture data storedin the electronic frames. For example, data stored in RAM included inthe lens electronics can be relayed to the remote unit. Data can berelayed via a wireless or wired link including infrared. Data can bestored in local storage of the frame electronics for long periods oftime and collected periodically or instantaneous data collection can beprovided.

The above description is illustrative and is not restrictive. Manyvariations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in theart upon review of the disclosure. The scope of the invention should,therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description,but instead should be determined with reference to the pending claimsalong with their full scope or equivalents.

A recitation of “a”, “an” or “the” is intended to mean “one or more”unless specifically indicated to the contrary

1. A first device, comprising: a lens comprising at least a firstelectrical contact; a lens housing holding the lens, wherein the lenshousing comprises at least a second electrical contact; and a compliantconductive element disposed between the first and the second electricalcontact, wherein the compliant conductive element electrically connectsthe first and second electrical contacts.
 2. The first device of claim1, wherein the compliant conductive element comprises conductive rubber.3. The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliant conductive elementis disposed between the lens housing and the lens.
 4. The first deviceof claim 1, wherein the compliant conductive element has a shape thatcomprises any one of, or some combination of, a triangle, a square, a“figure 8,” an oval, a circle, and a rectangle.
 5. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the compliant conductive element comprises: a first endhaving a first thickness; a second end having a second thickness; and acenter portion having a third thickness; wherein the center portion isdisposed between and coupled to the first end and the second end; andwherein the first thickness of the first end and the second thickness ofthe second end are each greater than the third thickness of the centerportion.
 6. The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliantconductive element is an extrusion.
 7. The first device of claim 1,wherein the lens comprises a first surface; wherein the lens housingcomprises a first surface; and wherein the compliant conductive elementsubstantially conforms to at least a portion of the first surface of thelens and at least a portion of the first surface of the lens housing. 8.The first device of claim 1, further comprising: a first temple coupledto the lens housing; and an electronic module coupled to the firsttemple; wherein the compliant conductive element is electricallyconnected to the electronic module.
 9. The first device of claim 8,further comprising: a conductor substantially embedded within the templeand/or the lens housing; wherein the conductor electrically connects theelectronic module to the compliant conductive element.
 10. The firstdevice of claim 9, wherein a first portion of the conductor is exposed;and wherein the first portion of the conductor electrically connects theelectronic module to the compliant conductive element.
 11. The firstdevice of claim 9, wherein the lens housing comprises acetate.
 12. Thefirst device of claim 8, wherein the lens housing comprises a conductivematerial; and wherein the lens housing electrically connects theelectronic module to the compliant conductive element.
 13. The firstdevice of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises semi-rimlessspectacle frames.
 14. The first device of claim 1, wherein the lenscomprises a first groove; wherein the lens housing comprises a firstcavity; wherein the compliant conductive element comprises a first and asecond portion; and wherein the first portion of the compliantconductive element is disposed substantially within the first groove ofthe lens and the second portion of the compliant conductive element isdisposed substantially within the first cavity of the lens housing. 15.The first device of claim 14, wherein the first portion and the secondportion of the compliant conductive element are connected by a bridge.16. The first device of claim 14, wherein the first portion of thecompliant conductive element has a first shape that comprises any one ofa triangle, a square, a circle, and a rectangle; and wherein the secondportion of the compliant conductive element has a second shape thatcomprises any one of a triangle, a square, a circle, and a rectangle.17. The first device of claim 14, wherein the lens has a first surfacethat is located within the first groove; and wherein at least a part ofthe first portion of the compliant conductive element substantiallyconforms to the first surface of the first groove.
 18. The first deviceof claim 14, wherein the first surface of the lens is coated with aconductive paint.
 19. The first device of claim 14, wherein the firstgroove of the lens has width approximately within the range of 0.4 mmand 1.0 mm and a depth approximately within the range of 0.4 mm and 1.0mm.
 20. The first device of claim 14, wherein the groove of the firstlens has width of approximately 0.7 mm and a depth of approximately 0.6mm.
 21. The first device of claim 14, wherein the lens housing has afirst surface that is located within the first cavity; and wherein apart of the second portion of the compliant conductive elementsubstantially conforms to the first surface of the first cavity.
 22. Thefirst device of claim 14, wherein the compliant conductive element hasan uncompressed height of at least the distance between the firstsurface of the first groove of the lens and the first surface of thefirst cavity of the lens housing.
 23. The first device of claim 22,wherein the uncompressed height of the compliant conductive element isat least 0.75 mm.
 24. The first device of claim 22, wherein firstsurface of the lens housing and the first surface of the lens compressat least a portion of the compliant conductive element when the lenshousing and the lens are coupled.
 25. The first device of claim 1,wherein the first device comprises full rimmed spectacle frames.
 26. Thefirst device of claim 1, wherein the lens comprises a first surface;wherein the lens housing comprises a first cavity; wherein the compliantconductive element comprises a first surface; wherein the compliantconductive element is disposed substantially within the first cavity ofthe lens housing; and wherein the first surface of the compliantconductive element substantially conforms to the first surface of thelens.
 27. The first device of claim 26, wherein the first surface of thelens comprises a first and second beveled edge.
 28. The first device ofclaim 26, wherein the first cavity has a width; and wherein thecompliant conductive element has an uncompressed width that is greaterthan the width of the cavity.
 29. The first device of claim 26, whereinthe cavity of the lens housing has a top surface; wherein a portion ofthe lens extends into the first cavity of the lens housing; and whereinthe compliant conductive element has an uncompressed height that isapproximately equal to or greater than a distance from the top surfaceof the cavity of the lens housing to the portion of the lens thatextends into the first cavity.
 30. The first device of claim 1, whereinthe compliant conductive element comprises metal loaded siliconelastomers.
 31. The first device of claim 30, wherein the metalcomprises silver and aluminum (AG-Al).
 32. The first device of claim 1,wherein the compliant conductive element has a volume resistivity thatless than 10Ω-cm.
 33. The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliantconductive element has a volume resistivity that less than 1Ω-cm. 34.The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliant conductive elementhas a hardness on the shore durometer A scale that is greater than 50.35. The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliant conductiveelement has a hardness on the shore durometer A scale that is greaterthan
 65. 36. The first device of claim 1, wherein the compliantconductive element has a hardness on the shore durometer A scale thatapproximate equal to 70 and a volume resistivity of approximately0.0008Ω-cm.